ミニマリストかマキシマリストか?地下1マイルの微生物の一生(Minimalist or maximalist? The life of a microbe a mile underground)

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2023-11-28 ノースウェスタン大学

◆ノースウェスタン大学の研究者は、南ダコタ州の旧金鉱を利用した地下実験室で、地球の表面よりも深いところに生息する微生物に関する最も包括的な地図を作成しました。約600の微生物ゲノムを解析し、その多くは科学に新しいものでした。
◆これらの微生物は、大気汚染が地下生態系に及ぼす影響を理解する上で重要であり、同時に火星など他の惑星での生命の可能性を示唆しています。地下生物圏は膨大で難解なため、「微生物の暗黒物質」と呼ばれ、これらの研究は我々の地球環境への潜在的な影響にも触れています。

<関連情報>

DeMMO(米国サウスダコタ州の微生物観測所)で発見された、地球深部の生物圏に存在する新規微生物と代謝多様性のメタゲノム的見解 A metagenomic view of novel microbial and metabolic diversity found within the deep terrestrial biosphere at DeMMO: A microbial observatory in South Dakota, USA

Lily Momper, Caitlin P. Casar, Magdalena R. Osburn
Environmental Microbiology  Published: 14 November 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16543

ミニマリストかマキシマリストか?地下1マイルの微生物の一生(Minimalist or maximalist? The life of a microbe a mile underground)

Abstract

The deep terrestrial subsurface is a large and diverse microbial habitat and vast repository of biomass. However, in relation to its size and physical heterogeneity we have limited understanding of taxonomic and metabolic diversity in this realm. Here we present a detailed metagenomic analysis of samples from the Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) spanning depths from the surface to 1.5 km into the crust. From eight geochemically and spatially distinct fluid samples we reconstructed ~600 partial to near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing 50 distinct phyla and including 18 candidate phyla. These novel clades include members of the candidate phyla radiation, two new MAGs from OLB16, a phylum originally identified in DeMMO fluids and for which only one other MAG is currently available, and new MAGs from the Eisenbacteria, Omnitrophota, and Edwardsbacteria. We find that microbes spanning this expansive phylogenetic diversity and physical subsurface space gain a competitive edge by maintaining a wide variety of functional pathways, are often capable of numerous dissimilatory energy metabolisms and poised to take advantage of nutrients as they become available in isolated fracture fluids. Our results support and expand on emerging themes of tight nutrient cycling and genomic plasticity in deep subsurface biosphere taxa.

生物環境工学
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