2024-01-24 カロリンスカ研究所(KI)
◆研究者は40歳以上の157,474人を30年以上にわたり追跡調査し、体重と運動の詳細な情報を収集。無計画な体重減少ががんの発生リスクを増加させる可能性があり、特に10%以上の体重減少があった場合、そのリスクが2倍に上昇。特に上部消化器がん、血液がん、大腸がん、肺がんでリスクが顕著に高まることが示されました。
◆無意識の体重減少ががんの早期兆候である可能性があるため、医師の診察が必要であり、意図的な減量と異なり、無計画な減量は潜在的な病気を示す可能性があると警告されています。
<関連情報>
- https://news.ki.se/unintentional-weight-loss-associated-with-increased-risk-of-cancer
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2814132
最近の体重減少後のがん診断 Cancer Diagnoses After Recent Weight Loss
Qiao-Li Wang, MD, PhD; Ana Babic, PhD; Michael H. Rosenthal, MD, PhD; et al
JAMA Published:January 23, 2024
DOI:10.1001/jama.2023.25869
Key Points
Question Among people with weight loss within the past 2 years, is the rate of cancer diagnosis significantly increased during the subsequent 12 months compared with those without recent weight loss?
Findings Among 157 474 health professionals followed up for a mean of 28 years, recent weight loss of greater than 10.0% of body weight was associated with an increased rate of cancer during the next 12 months vs those without recent weight loss (1362 cancer cases/100 000 person-years vs 869 cancer cases/100 000 person-years, respectively; between-group difference, 493 cases/100 000 person-years).
Meaning Recent weight loss was associated with a significantly higher rate of cancer during the next 12 months compared with those without recent weight loss.
Abstract
Importance Weight loss is common in primary care. Among individuals with recent weight loss, the rates of cancer during the subsequent 12 months are unclear compared with those without recent weight loss.
Objective To determine the rates of subsequent cancer diagnoses over 12 months among health professionals with weight loss during the prior 2 years compared with those without recent weight loss.
Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort analysis of females aged 40 years or older from the Nurses’ Health Study who were followed up from June 1978 until June 30, 2016, and males aged 40 years or older from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were followed up from January 1988 until January 31, 2016.
Exposure Recent weight change was calculated from the participant weights that were reported biennially. The intentionality of weight loss was categorized as high if both physical activity and diet quality increased, medium if only 1 increased, and low if neither increased.
Main Outcome and Measures Rates of cancer diagnosis during the 12 months after weight loss.
Results Among 157 474 participants (median age, 62 years [IQR, 54-70 years]; 111 912 were female [71.1%]; there were 2631 participants [1.7%] who self-identified as Asian, Native American, or Native Hawaiian; 2678 Black participants [1.7%]; and 149 903 White participants [95.2%]) and during 1.64 million person-years of follow-up, 15 809 incident cancer cases were identified (incident rate, 964 cases/100 000 person-years). During the 12 months after reported weight change, there were 1362 cancer cases/100 000 person-years among all participants with recent weight loss of greater than 10.0% of body weight compared with 869 cancer cases/100 000 person-years among those without recent weight loss (between-group difference, 493 cases/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 391-594 cases/100 000 person-years]; P < .001). Among participants categorized with low intentionality for weight loss, there were 2687 cancer cases/100 000 person-years for those with weight loss of greater than 10.0% of body weight compared with 1220 cancer cases/100 000 person-years for those without recent weight loss (between-group difference, 1467 cases/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 799-2135 cases/100 000 person-years]; P < .001). Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract (cancer of the esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, or pancreas) was particularly common among participants with recent weight loss; there were 173 cancer cases/100 000 person-years for those with weight loss of greater than 10.0% of body weight compared with 36 cancer cases/100 000 person-years for those without recent weight loss (between-group difference, 137 cases/100 000 person-years [95% CI, 101-172 cases/100 000 person-years]; P < .001).
Conclusions and Relevance Health professionals with weight loss within the prior 2 years had a significantly higher risk of cancer during the subsequent 12 months compared with those without recent weight loss. Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract was particularly common among participants with recent weight loss compared with those without recent weight loss.
