牛乳が糖尿病患者を救う?イリノイ州のプロジェクトが初のインスリン分泌牛を誕生させる(Milk to the rescue for diabetics? Illinois project creates first insulin-producing cow)

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2024-03-13 イリノイ大学アーバナ・シャンペーン校

ブラジル南部の牛が、史上初のヒトインスリンを生産可能な遺伝子組み換え牛として誕生しました。イリノイ大学とサンパウロ大学の研究者によるこの成果は、インスリンの生産方法を革新し、糖尿病患者の治療に貢献する可能性があります。哺乳類の乳腺を利用して、大量生産が期待され、将来的には世界中の需要を満たすことができるかもしれません。

<関連情報>

トランスジェニック牛の乳汁中におけるヒト・プロインスリン産生 Human proinsulin production in the milk of transgenic cattle

Paulo S. Monzani, Juliano R. Sangalli, Rafael V. Sampaio, Samuel Guemra, Renato Zanin, Paulo R. Adona, Maria A. Berlingieri, Luiz F. C. Cunha-Filho, Irma Y. Mora- Ocampo, Carlos P. Pirovani …
Biotechnology Journal  Published: 12 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.202300307

牛乳が糖尿病患者を救う?イリノイ州のプロジェクトが初のインスリン分泌牛を誕生させる(Milk to the rescue for diabetics? Illinois project creates first insulin-producing cow)

Abstract

Background
The worldwide growing demand for human insulin for treating diabetes could be supplied by transgenic animals producing insulin in their milk.

Methods and Results
Pseudo-lentivirus containing the bovine β-casein promoter and human insulin sequences was used to produce modified adult fibroblasts, and the cells were used for nuclear transfer. Transgenic embryos were transferred to recipient cows, and one pregnancy was produced. Recombinant protein in milk was evaluated using western blotting and mass spectrometry. One transgenic cow was generated, and in milk analysis, two bands were observed in western blotting with a molecular mass corresponding to the proinsulin and insulin. The mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of human insulin more than proinsulin in the milk, and it identified proteases in the transgenic milk that could convert proinsulin into insulin and insulin-degrading enzyme that could degrade the recombinant protein.

Conclusion
The methodologies used for generating the transgenic cow allowed the detection of the production of recombinant protein in the milk at low relative expression compared to milk proteins, using mass spectrometry, which was efficient for detecting recombinant protein with low expression in milk. Milk proteases could act on protein processing converting recombinant protein to functional protein. On the other hand, some milk proteases could act in degrading the recombinant protein.

有機化学・薬学
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