2025-04-08 中国科学院(CAS)
<関連情報>
- https://english.cas.cn/newsroom/research_news/life/202503/t20250328_908902.shtml
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092867425001928
末梢神経系ミクログリア様細胞は進化を通じて神経細胞のソーマサイズを制御する Peripheral nervous system microglia-like cells regulate neuronal soma size throughout evolution
Zhisheng Wu, Yiheng Wang, Wei-wei Chen, Hua Sun, Xiaoyan Chen, Xiaobo Li, Zeshuai Wang, Weizheng Liang, Shuang-Yin Wang, Xuemei Luan, Yijiang Li, Shangjin Huang, Yuteng Liang, Jiaqi Zhang, Zhou-Feng Chen, Guanlin Wang, Yun Gao, Yanan Liu, Jun Wang, Zhen Liu, Peng Shi, Cirong Liu, Longbao Lv, Anli Hou, Chenglin Wu, Chen Yao, Zexuan Hong, Ji Dai, Zhonghua Lu, Fan Pan, Xin Chen, Helmut Kettenmann, Ido Amit, John R. Speakman, Yun Chen, Florent Ginhoux, Rongfeng Cui, Tianwen Huang, Hanjie Li
Cell Available online: 7 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.007
Graphical abstract
Highlights
- Immune cells with microglia-like transcriptome, epigenome, and ontogeny found in the PNS
- PNS microglia-like cells enwrap neuronal soma inside the satellite glial cell envelope
- They are required for neuronal soma enlargement, axon growth, and somatosensation
- They were lost in small vertebrates (e.g., mice and rats) during evolution
Summary
Microglia, essential in the central nervous system (CNS), were historically considered absent from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Here, we show a PNS-resident macrophage population that shares transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles as well as an ontogenetic trajectory with CNS microglia. This population (termed PNS microglia-like cells) enwraps the neuronal soma inside the satellite glial cell envelope, preferentially associates with larger neurons during PNS development, and is required for neuronal functions by regulating soma enlargement and axon growth. A phylogenetic survey of 24 vertebrates revealed an early origin of PNS microglia-like cells, whose presence is correlated with neuronal soma size (and body size) rather than evolutionary distance. Consistent with their requirement for soma enlargement, PNS microglia-like cells are maintained in vertebrates with large peripheral neuronal soma but absent when neurons evolve to have smaller soma. Our study thus reveals a PNS counterpart of CNS microglia that regulates neuronal soma size during both evolution and ontogeny.
