タンパク質源が腸内細菌叢に与える影響(Protein Sources Change the Gut Microbiome – Some Drastically)

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2025-04-30 ノースカロライナ州立大学(NCState)

ノースカロライナ州立大学の研究チームは、食事中のタンパク質源が腸内マイクロバイオームの構成と機能に大きな影響を与えることを明らかにしました。マウスを用いた実験で、玄米、酵母、卵白などのタンパク質源が、腸内細菌のアミノ酸代謝や糖鎖分解酵素の産生に顕著な変化をもたらすことが確認されました。特に、卵白を摂取したマウスでは、腸内細菌が腸粘膜を構成するムチンを分解する酵素を増加させ、腸のバリア機能に悪影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆されました。この研究は、タンパク質源の選択が腸内環境や健康に与える影響を示しており、今後の食事指導や疾患予防に役立つ知見となることが期待されます。

<関連情報>

食餌タンパク質源は腸内細菌叢の組成と機能を変化させる Dietary protein source alters gut microbiota composition and function

J Alfredo Blakeley-Ruiz , Alexandria Bartlett , Arthur S McMillan , Ayesha Awan , Molly Vanhoy Walsh , Alissa K Meyerhoffer , Simina Vintila , Jessie L Maier , Tanner G Richie , Casey M Theriot …
The ISME Journal  Published:21 March 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wraf048

Abstract

The source of protein in a person’s diet affects their total life expectancy. However, the mechanisms by which dietary protein sources differentially impact human health and life expectancy are poorly understood. Dietary choices impact the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota that ultimately modulate host health. This raises the possibility that health outcomes based on dietary protein sources might be driven by interactions between dietary protein and the gut microbiota. In this study, we determined the effects of seven different sources of dietary protein on the gut microbiota of mice using an integrated metagenomics-metaproteomics approach. The protein abundances measured by metaproteomics can provide microbial species abundances, and evidence for the molecular phenotype of microbiota members because measured proteins indicate the metabolic and physiological processes used by a microbial community. We showed that dietary protein source significantly altered the species composition and overall function of the gut microbiota. Different dietary protein sources led to changes in the abundance of microbial proteins involved in the degradation of amino acids and the degradation of glycosylations conjugated to dietary protein. In particular, brown rice and egg white protein increased the abundance of amino acid degrading enzymes. Egg white protein increased the abundance of bacteria and proteins usually associated with the degradation of the intestinal mucus barrier. These results show that dietary protein sources can change the gut microbiota’s metabolism, which could have major implications in the context of gut microbiota mediated diseases.

医療・健康
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