2025-06-03 イェール大学
<関連情報>
- https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/consuming-less-cysteine-can-burn-fat-to-induce-weight-loss/
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-025-01297-8
システイン欠乏は脂肪組織の熱産生と体重減少を誘発する Cysteine depletion triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis and weight loss
Aileen H. Lee,Lucie Orliaguet,Yun-Hee Youm,Rae Maeda,Tamara Dlugos,Yuanjiu Lei,Daniel Coman,Irina Shchukina,Prabhakar Sairam Andhey,Steven R. Smith,Eric Ravussin,Krisztian Stadler,Bandy Chen,Maxim N. Artyomov,Fahmeed Hyder,Tamas L. Horvath,Marc Schneeberger,Yuki Sugiura & Vishwa Deep Dixit
Nature Metabolism Published0:3 June 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-025-01297-8
Abstract
Caloric restriction and methionine restriction-driven enhanced lifespan and healthspan induces ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue, a metabolic response that increases heat production to defend core body temperature. However, how specific dietary amino acids control adipose thermogenesis is unknown. Here, we identified that weight loss induced by caloric restriction in humans reduces thiol-containing sulfur amino acid cysteine in white adipose tissue. Systemic cysteine depletion in mice causes lethal weight loss with increased fat utilization and browning of adipocytes that is rescued upon restoration of cysteine in diet. Mechanistically, cysteine-restriction-induced adipose browning and weight loss requires sympathetic nervous system-derived noradrenaline signalling via β3-adrenergic-receptors that is independent of FGF21 and UCP1. In obese mice, cysteine deprivation induced rapid adipose browning, increased energy expenditure leading to 30% weight loss and reversed metabolic inflammation. These findings establish that cysteine is essential for organismal metabolism as removal of cysteine in the host triggers adipose browning and rapid weight loss.
