海のゾンビ細胞(Zombie cells in the sea)

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2024-05-17 マックス・プランク研究所

SAR11細菌は海洋の表層水中の細菌の約3分の1を占めるが、マックス・プランク海洋微生物研究所の研究によると、そのうちの約20%がウイルスに感染し、細胞数が大幅に減少することが判明しました。研究では、SAR11細菌がウイルス感染によって「ゾンビ細胞」になる現象も初めて観察され、これは世界中の海洋で広く見られることが分かりました。ゾンビ細胞はリボソームを失い、ウイルスDNAの生成に利用されると考えられています。この発見により、SAR11の役割とウイルスの海洋生態系における重要性が再評価される必要があります。

<関連情報>

世界的に発生するペラジファージ感染症がリボソーム欠乏細胞を作り出す Globally occurring pelagiphage infections create ribosome-deprived cells

Jan D. Brüwer,Chandni Sidhu,Yanlin Zhao,Andreas Eich,Leonard Rößler,Luis H. Orellana & Bernhard M. Fuchs
Nateur Communications  Published:02 May 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48172-w

海のゾンビ細胞(Zombie cells in the sea)

Abstract

Phages play an essential role in controlling bacterial populations. Those infecting Pelagibacterales (SAR11), the dominant bacteria in surface oceans, have been studied in silico and by cultivation attempts. However, little is known about the quantity of phage-infected cells in the environment. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques, we here show pelagiphage-infected SAR11 cells across multiple global ecosystems and present evidence for tight community control of pelagiphages on the SAR11 hosts in a case study. Up to 19% of SAR11 cells were phage-infected during a phytoplankton bloom, coinciding with a ~90% reduction in SAR11 cell abundance within 5 days. Frequently, a fraction of the infected SAR11 cells were devoid of detectable ribosomes, which appear to be a yet undescribed possible stage during pelagiphage infection. We dubbed such cells zombies and propose, among other possible explanations, a mechanism in which ribosomal RNA is used as a resource for the synthesis of new phage genomes. On a global scale, we detected phage-infected SAR11 and zombie cells in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Our findings illuminate the important impact of pelagiphages on SAR11 populations and unveil the presence of ribosome-deprived zombie cells as part of the infection cycle.

生物環境工学
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