2024-10-28 ミシガン大学
<関連情報>
- https://news.umich.edu/parenting-affects-kids-brains-differently-at-different-ages/
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2825404#google_vignette
子育て、脳の構造、精神的健康との関連における発達のタイミング Developmental Timing of Associations Among Parenting, Brain Architecture, and Mental Health
Cleanthis Michael, MS; Arianna M. Gard, PhD; Scott Tillem, PhD; et al
JAMA Pediatrics Published:October 28, 2024
DOI:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4376
Key Points
Question Are there sensitive periods when parenting during childhood is associated with functional brain architecture during adolescence and, in turn, mental health during early adulthood?
Findings This longitudinal cohort study of 173 youths demonstrated that associations between harsh parenting and brain architecture were widespread in early childhood, but localized to corticolimbic circuitry in late childhood. Associations with warm parenting were localized to corticolimbic regions in middle childhood, which, in turn, were associated with lower internalizing symptoms in early adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Meaning These findings identify sensitive periods for the neurodevelopmental associations of parenting, which can inform the type and timing of preventive interventions.
Abstract
Importance Parenting is associated with brain development and long-term health outcomes, although whether these associations depend on the developmental timing of exposure remains understudied. Identifying these sensitive periods can inform when and how parenting is associated with neurodevelopment and risk for mental illness.
Objective To characterize how harsh and warm parenting during early, middle, and late childhood are associated with brain architecture during adolescence and, in turn, psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, 21-year observational, longitudinal birth cohort study of low-income youths and families from Detroit, Michigan; Toledo, Ohio; and Chicago, Illinois, used data from the Future of Families and Child Well-being Study. Data were collected from February 1998 to June 2021. Analyses were conducted from May to October 2023.
Exposures Parent-reported harsh parenting (psychological aggression or physical aggression) and observer-rated warm parenting (responsiveness) at ages 3, 5, and 9 years.
Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were brainwide (segregation, integration, and small-worldness), circuit (prefrontal cortex [PFC]–amygdala connectivity), and regional (betweenness centrality of amygdala and PFC) architecture at age 15 years, determined using functional magnetic resonance imaging, and youth-reported anxiety and depression symptoms at age 21 years. The structured life-course modeling approach was used to disentangle timing-dependent from cumulative associations between parenting and brain architecture.
Results A total of 173 youths (mean [SD] age, 15.88 [0.53] years; 95 female [55%]) were included. Parental psychological aggression during early childhood was positively associated with brainwide segregation (β = 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.45) and small-worldness (β = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28), whereas parental psychological aggression during late childhood was negatively associated with PFC-amygdala connectivity (β = -0.37; 95% CI, -0.55 to -0.12). Warm parenting during middle childhood was positively associated with amygdala centrality (β = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.38) and negatively associated with PFC centrality (β = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.31 to -0.03). Warmer parenting during middle childhood was associated with reduced anxiety (β = -0.05; 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01) and depression (β = -0.05; 95% CI -0.10 to -0.003) during early adulthood via greater adolescent amygdala centrality.
Conclusions and Relevance Neural associations with harsh parenting were widespread across the brain in early childhood but localized in late childhood. Neural associations with warm parenting were localized in middle childhood and, in turn, were associated with mental health during future stress. These developmentally contingent associations can inform the type and timing of interventions.
