2026-01-28 イェール大学
A lymph node taken from an allergic mouse. Lymph nodes are compartmentalized into specialized zones (green, cyan). Precursor germinal center cells (yellow) reactive to allergens differentiate into antibody-producing cells (red), These antibodies (IgE) are the cause of most allergies in humans.Image courtesy of the researcher
<関連情報>
- https://news.yale.edu/2026/01/28/developing-immunity-allergens-little-dirty-goes-long-way
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10001-5
環境によって引き起こされる免疫刷り込みがアレルギーから身を守る Environmentally driven immune imprinting protects against allergy
S. Erickson,B. Lauring,J. Cullen & R. Medzhitov
Nature Published:28 January 2026
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10001-5
Abstract
Allergic diseases are caused by overexuberant type II immune responses mounted against environmental antigens1. The allergic state is typified by the presence of allergen-reactive immunoglobulin E (IgE), which triggers mast cell degranulation upon allergen encounter, manifesting in pruritis, oedema and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Over the past century, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased markedly, suggesting that environmental rather than genetic factors are mediating this change2. Although many hypotheses connecting environment to allergy exist3,4,5,6, the biological mechanisms that underpin environmentally mediated protection from allergy are unknown. Here we show, using a mouse model of allergic disease, that exposure to immunostimulatory environments generated cross-reactive adaptive immune memory, which tracked with obstructed type II immune responses upon allergen exposure. We found that engagement of cross-reactive adaptive immunity protected against future allergic sensitization and suppressed established allergic responses. Cross-reactivity in a tolerogenic context also prevented allergy, with the effect extending across antigenically complex exposures even at low protein sequence similarity. Our findings demonstrate a mechanistic relationship between environment and allergy, with general implications for adaptive immune function in natural settings.
