ミルナー進化研究所の研究者たちは、腸内細菌が宿主と共進化することを発見しました。 Researchers from the Milner Centre for Evolution have found that gut bacteria co-evolve with their hosts.
2022-08-24 バース大学
The researchers studied house mouse hybrids, which are more genetically diverse than their lab-bred relatives. (Credit: MPI-EB)
さらに、腸内細菌とヒトの疾患(炎症性腸疾患(IBD)など)に関与する遺伝子との関連性を調べたところ、これらの遺伝子は、ゲノムの腸内細菌組成に関連する領域に確かに集積していることが判明した。
研究室で飼育されている近縁種よりも遺伝的に多様なハツカネズミの雑種を調査しました。
マウスには同じ餌を与え、マイクロバイオームの類似性や差異を環境ではなく遺伝に帰することができるようにした。
これまでのマウスの腸内細菌叢のマッピング研究は、主に近交系実験株を用いたもので、遺伝的多様性に乏しく、本来の微生物の一部が欠落しているもので、野生のハイブリッドマウスで行われたのは今回が初めてである。
<関連情報>
- https://www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/gut-microbiome-influenced-by-hosts-genetics-shows-new-study-in-mice/
- https://elifesciences.org/articles/75419
ハイブリッドマウスの粘膜関連腸内細菌群の高解像度遺伝子マッピングにより明らかになった宿主-微生物相互作用の遺伝的構築と進化の主要な特徴 Key features of the genetic architecture and evolution of host-microbe interactions revealed by high-resolution genetic mapping of the mucosa-associated gut microbiome in hybrid mice
Shauni Doms,Hanna Fokt,Malte Christoph Rühlemann,Cecilia J Chung,Axel Kuenstner,Saleh M Ibrahim,Andre Franke,Leslie M Turner ,John F Baines
eLife Published:Jul 19, 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75419
Abstract
Determining the forces that shape diversity in host-associated bacterial communities is critical to understanding the evolution and maintenance of metaorganisms. To gain deeper understanding of the role of host genetics in shaping gut microbial traits, we employed a powerful genetic mapping approach using inbred lines derived from the hybrid zone of two incipient house mouse species. Furthermore, we uniquely performed our analysis on microbial traits measured at the gut mucosal interface, which is in more direct contact with host cells and the immune system. Several mucosa-associated bacterial taxa have high heritability estimates, and interestingly, 16S rRNA transcript-based heritability estimates are positively correlated with cospeciation rate estimates. Genome-wide association mapping identifies 428 loci influencing 120 taxa, with narrow genomic intervals pinpointing promising candidate genes and pathways. Importantly, we identified an enrichment of candidate genes associated with several human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, and functional categories including innate immunity and G-protein-coupled receptors. These results highlight key features of the genetic architecture of mammalian host-microbe interactions and how they diverge as new species form.
