精神的な疲労は身体的なパフォーマンスを低下させる(Mental fatigue can impair physical performance-study)

2023-03-15

2023-03-13 バーミンガム大学

精神的な疲労は身体的なパフォーマンスを低下させる可能性があることが、研究で示されました。バーミンガム大学のスポーツ、運動、リハビリテーション科学の学校の研究者たちは、認知的なタスクの影響を測定し、16人の男性と女性のグループにおいて、彼らの身体的な運動における身体的疲労の認知に何が起こるかを調べました。
その結果、精神的に疲れた参加者は、身体的な運動中により高い身体的疲労の認知を持つ傾向があることが示されました。この研究の成果は、運動中の精神的疲労の影響を考慮することが、アスリートのパフォーマンスを向上させるのに役立つかもしれないことを示唆しています。研究者たちは、選手たちがトレーニングや競技前にスマートフォンなどの精神的に負担の高いタスクにさらされる時間を減らすことを推奨しており、長期的には、精神的疲労に対する耐性を高めるための「脳の耐久トレーニング」を検討すべきだと述べています。

<関連情報>

精神的疲労:ウェイトリフティング、レジスタンストレーニング、サイクリングパフォーマンスに対する認知的負荷のコスト
Mental Fatigue: The Cost of Cognitive Loading on Weight Lifting, Resistance Training, and Cycling Performance

Walter Staiano,Lluis Raimon Salazar Bonet,Marco Romagnoli and Christopher Ring
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Published:09 Mar 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2022-0356

Purpose: Mental fatigue (MF) can impair physical performance in sport. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive load alone, and intermixed with standard resistance training, would induce MF, increase rating of perceived exertion (RPE), alter perception of weight lifting and training, and impair cycling time-trial performance. Methods: This 2-part study employed a within-participant design. In part 1, after establishing leg-extension 1-repetition maximum (1RM), 16 participants lifted and briefly held weights at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of 1RM. RPE and electromyography (EMG) were measured for each lift. During the testing sessions, participants completed cognitive tasks (MF condition) or watched neutral videos (control condition) for 90 minutes before lifting the weights. In part 2, they completed submaximal resistance training comprising 6 weight training exercises followed by a 20-minute cycling time trial. In the MF condition, they completed cognitive tasks before and between weight training exercises. In the control condition, they watched neutral videos. Mood (Brunel Mood Scale), workload (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index), MF-visual analogue scale (MF-VAS), RPE, psychomotor vigilance, distance cycled, power output, heart rate, and blood lactate were measured. Results: In part 1, the cognitive task increased lift-induced RPE (P = .011), increased MF-VAS (P = .002), and altered mood (P < .001) compared with control. EMG did not differ between conditions. In part 2, the cognitive tasks increased RPE (P < .001), MF-VAS (P < .001), and mental workload (P < .001), but reduced cycling time-trial power (P = .032) and distance (P = .023) compared with control. Heart rate and blood lactate did not differ between conditions. Conclusion: A state of MF induced by cognitive load, alone or intermixed with physical load, increased RPE during weight lifting and training and impaired subsequent cycling performance.