新しい生命の始まりのためのタンパク質ストック(Protein stock for the beginning of a new life)

2023-11-07

卵細胞の細胞質格子は初期胚にタンパク質の貯蔵場所として供給される Cytoplasmic lattices in the egg cell supply the early embryo as protein storage sites
1. 哺乳類の卵母細胞は細胞質格子に初期胚のためのタンパク質を貯蔵する Mammalian oocytes store proteins for the early embryo on cytoplasmic lattices

卵細胞の細胞質格子は初期胚にタンパク質の貯蔵場所として供給される Cytoplasmic lattices in the egg cell supply the early embryo as protein storage sites

2023-10-06 マックス・プランク研究所

◆新研究によれば、女性の不妊の一般的な遺伝的原因は、特定の遺伝子の変異であることが示されました。この遺伝子は、PADI6とSCMCと呼ばれるタンパク質の設計図を含んでおり、これらのタンパク質は卵細胞内部を埋める構造の主要な要素であることが視覚化されました。
◆これらの構造は卵細胞内のタンパク質を蓄える役割を果たし、初期胚に必要な重要なタンパク質を供給することが示唆されています。PADI6とSCMCのタンパク質が欠如すると、胚の発達が中断する可能性が高まり、これらのタンパク質が欠如する場合に、成長中のマウスの卵細胞に欠落した格子タンパク質を人工的に再導入する実験も成功しました。

<関連情報>

哺乳類の卵母細胞は細胞質格子に初期胚のためのタンパク質を貯蔵する Mammalian oocytes store proteins for the early embryo on cytoplasmic lattices

Ida M.A. Jentoft,Felix J.B. Bäuerlein,Luisa M. Welp,Benjamin H. Cooper,Arsen Petrovic,Chun So,Sarah Mae Penir,Antonio Z. Politi,Yehor Horokhovskyi,Iina Takala,Heike Eckel,Rüdiger Moltrecht,Peter Lénárt,Tommaso Cavazza,Juliane Liepe,Nils Brose,Henning Urlaub,Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego,Melina Schuh
Cell Published:November 02, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.003

Highlights

•Oocytes store essential proteins for early embryogenesis on cytoplasmic lattices
•Cytoplasmic lattices are composed of periodic filaments with high surface area
•Many stored proteins are required for epigenetic reprogramming of the embryo
•Study links infertility phenotypes in women with stored protein function

Summary

Mammalian oocytes are filled with poorly understood structures called cytoplasmic lattices. First discovered in the 1960s and speculated to correspond to mammalian yolk, ribosomal arrays, or intermediate filaments, their function has remained enigmatic to date. Here, we show that cytoplasmic lattices are sites where oocytes store essential proteins for early embryonic development. Using super-resolution light microscopy and cryoelectron tomography, we show that cytoplasmic lattices are composed of filaments with a high surface area, which contain PADI6 and subcortical maternal complex proteins. The lattices associate with many proteins critical for embryonic development, including proteins that control epigenetic reprogramming of the preimplantation embryo. Loss of cytoplasmic lattices by knocking out PADI6 or the subcortical maternal complex prevents the accumulation of these proteins and results in early embryonic arrest. Our work suggests that cytoplasmic lattices enrich maternally provided proteins to prevent their premature degradation and cellular activity, thereby enabling early mammalian development.