2024-01-16 カナダ・コンコーディア大学
◆研究者は44の論文を調査し、マスクの着用、学校・事業所の閉鎖、レストラン・バーの閉鎖、旅行制限、シェルター・イン・プレイス・オーダー(SIPOs)などの対策が有効であることを示しました。
◆特に、マスクの着用が100,000人あたり約2.76件の症例と0.19の死亡を削減する効果があり、これらの対策が数百または数千の死亡を防ぐ可能性があると指摘されています。研究者は、これらの知見が将来の政策決定に寄与すると期待しています。
<関連情報>
- https://www.concordia.ca/news/stories/2024/01/16/nonpharmaceutical-interventions-saved-lives-and-eased-burdens-during-covids-first-wave-new-study-shows.html
- https://www.ajpmfocus.org/article/S2773-0654(23)00062-7/fulltext
COVID-19の症例、入院、死亡率に対する非薬物介入の効果: 系統的文献レビューとメタ解析 The Effects of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
James A. Peters,Mohsen Farhadloo
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Focus Published:June 14, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focus.2023.100125
HIGHLIGHTS
•Nonpharmaceutical interventions were generally effective in mitigating the impact of COVID-19 health outcomes.
•Mask use and policy stringency were associated with fewer cases per capita.
•Shelter-in-place orders, masks, and school and business closures corresponded with lowered mortality rates.
•Policymakers should consider the duration of effectiveness when implementing nonpharmaceutical interventions.
Introduction
This review aimed to assess the effects of various nonpharmaceutical interventions on cases, hospitalizations, and mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
To empirically investigate the impacts of different nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19–related health outcomes, a systematic literature review was conducted. The effects of 10 nonpharmaceutical interventions on cases, hospitalizations, and mortality across 3 periodic lags (2, 3, and ≥4 weeks after implementation) were studied. Articles measuring the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions were sourced from 3 databases by May 10, 2022, and risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Results
Across the 44 papers, the authors found that policy stringency corresponded to decreased per capita mortality across all lags (–0.13, –0.24, and –0.24 per 100,000, respectively). Masks were associated with mitigative effects on both cases (–2.76 per 100,000) and deaths (–0.19 per 100,000), whereas restaurant closures and travel restrictions corresponded to decreased mortality. Shelter-in-place orders suggested later impacts (after 2 weeks) on cases (–2.9 per 100,000). Although limited gatherings and school and business closures corresponded to reduced per capita mortality in 2 or 3 weeks, or both, their impacts diminished after 4 weeks. The 3 nonpharmaceutical interventions studied in hospitalizations showed negative estimates.
Discussion
When assessing the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions, considering the duration of effectiveness after implementation has paramount significance. Although some nonpharmaceutical interventions may reduce the COVID-19 impact, others can disrupt the mitigative progression of containing the virus after 3 weeks. Policymakers should be aware of both the scale of their effectiveness and duration of impact when adopting these measures for future COVID-19 waves.
