異なる種類の音楽に触れることは、脳がリズムを解釈する方法に影響を与える(Exposure to different kinds of music influences how the brain interprets rhythm)

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2024-03-04 マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)

MITとMax Planck Institute for Empirical Aestheticsの研究者による大規模な研究によると、人間の脳は音楽のリズムを聴いたり生成したりする際に、シンプルな整数比に偏っています。ただし、異なる社会では好まれる比率が大きく異なります。この研究は、音楽知覚と認知における一定の普遍性と多様性を示し、脳が音楽を理解し生成する際のメカニズムを明らかにしています。

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15カ国のリズムプリオールの異文化比較から明らかになった音楽の心的表象の共通性と多様性 Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries

Nori Jacoby,Rainer Polak,Jessica A. Grahn,Daniel J. Cameron,Kyung Myun Lee,Ricardo Godoy,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Tomás Huanca,Timon Thalwitzer,Noumouké Doumbia,Daniel Goldberg,Elizabeth H. Margulis,Patrick C. M. Wong,Luis Jure,Martín Rocamora,Shinya Fujii,Patrick E. Savage,Jun Ajimi,Rei Konno,Sho Oishi,Kelly Jakubowski,Andre Holzapfel,Esra Mungan,Ece Kaya,… Josh H. McDermott
Nature Human Behaviour  Published:04 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01800-9

異なる種類の音楽に触れることは、脳がリズムを解釈する方法に影響を与える(Exposure to different kinds of music influences how the brain interprets rhythm)

Abstract

Music is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? We measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. Listeners reproduced random ‘seed’ rhythms; their reproductions were fed back as the stimulus (as in the game of ‘telephone’), such that their biases (the prior) could be estimated from the distribution of reproductions. Every tested group showed a sparse prior with peaks at integer-ratio rhythms. However, the importance of different integer ratios varied across groups, often reflecting local musical practices. Our results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures.

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