セントヘレンズ山を1日で復活させたホリネズミの方法(How gophers brought Mount St. Helens back to life in one day)

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2024-11-05 カリフォルニア大学リバーサイド校(UCR)

1980年のセント・ヘレンズ山の噴火後、UCリバーサイドの研究者らは、24時間だけ地元のホリネズミを火山灰で覆われた土地に放ちました。この短期間の活動で、彼らは土壌を掘り返し、菌類やバクテリアを再生させ、植物の再生を促進しました。この結果、噴火から数年後には植物が急速に増加しました。さらに、ホリネズミが導入された場所では、40年後も土壌の微生物コミュニティに影響が残っています。この研究は、自然災害後の生態系再生の重要性を示唆しています。

<関連情報>

セントヘレンズ山の回復した森林における微生物群集構造
Microbial community structure in recovering forests of Mount St. Helens

Mia Rose Maltz,Michael F. Allen,Michala L. Phillips,Rebecca R. Hernandez,Hannah B. Shulman,Linton Freund,Lela V. Andrews,Jon K. Botthoff,Emma L. Aronson
Frontiers in Microbiomes  Published:04 November 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2024.1399416

セントヘレンズ山を1日で復活させたホリネズミの方法(How gophers brought Mount St. Helens back to life in one day)

Introduction: The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens had devastating effects above and belowground in forested montane ecosystems, including the burial and destruction of soil microbes. Soil microbial propagules and legacies in recovering ecosystems are important for determining post-disturbance successional trajectories. Soil microorganisms regulate nutrient cycling, interact with many other organisms, and therefore may support successional pathways and complementary ecosystem functions, even in harsh conditions. Historic forest management methods, such as old-growth and clearcut regimes, and locations of small mammal enclo and clearcut forests, as well as in locations of historic short-term gopher enclosures (Thomomys talpoides), to evaluate community response to forest management practices and to examine vectors for dispersing microbial consortia to the surface of the volcanic landscape. These biotic interactions may have primed ecological succession in the volcanic landscape, specifically Bear Meadow and the Pumice Plain, by creating microsite conditions conducive to primary succession and plant establishment.

Methods and results: Using molecular techniques, we examined bacterial, fungal, and AMF communities to determine how these variables affected microbial communities and soil properties. We found that bacterial/archaeal 16S, fungal ITS2, and AMF SSU community composition varied among forestry practices and across sites with long-term lupine plots and gopher enclosures. The findings also related to detected differences in C and N concentrations and ratios in soil from our study sites. Fungal communities from previously clearcut locations were less diverse than in gopher plots within the Pumice Plain. Yet, clearcut meadows harbored fewer ancestral AM fungal taxa than were found within the old-growth forest.

Discussion: By investigating both forestry practices and mammals in microbial dispersal, we evaluated how these interactions may have promoted revegetation and ecological succession within the Pumice Plains of Mount St. Helens. In addition to providing evidence about how dispersal vectors and forest structure influence post-eruption soil microbiomes, this project also informs research and management communities about belowground processes and microbial functional traits in facilitating succession and ecosystem function.

生物環境工学
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