時間栄養学の視点からみた食行動~食事の質および肥満との関連~

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2025-05-13 東京大学

時間栄養学の視点からみた食行動~食事の質および肥満との関連~

東京大学大学院医学系研究科の村上健太郎教授らの研究チームは、20~69歳の日本人1,047人を対象に、食事の摂取時刻や頻度といった「時間栄養学的食行動」と食事の質および肥満との関連を調査しました。この研究では、質問票法(CNBQ)と日記法の2つの異なる調査法を用いて比較した結果、食事の質や肥満との関連性は調査方法によって大きく異なることが明らかになりました。特に、質問票法では間食の頻度や食事の摂取時間が長いことが肥満と関連していましたが、日記法ではその関連性が見られませんでした。この成果は、時間栄養学分野において調査方法の選択が結果に大きな影響を与えることを示しており、今後の研究や健康指導において重要な知見となることが期待されます。

<関連情報>

食事の質と肥満に関連するクロノニュートリション行動:食事評価法とエネルギー摂取量の誤報告は問題か? Chrononutrition behaviors in relation to diet quality and obesity: do dietary assessment methods and energy intake misreporting matter?

Kentaro Murakami,Nana Shinozaki,M. Barbara E. Livingstone,Tracy A. McCaffrey,Shizuko Masayasu & Satoshi Sasaki
Nutrition Journal  Published:28 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01129-1

Abstract

Background

Inconsistent epidemiologic findings on the associations of chrononutrition behaviors with diet quality and adiposity measures may be due to the use of different dietary assessment methodologies and a lack of consideration of dietary misreporting. We aimed to investigate the associations by using questionnaires and diaries, with adjustment for energy intake (EI) misreporting.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 1047 Japanese adults aged 20–69 years. We used the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) or 11-day diaries to assess chrononutrition behaviors (meal frequency, snack frequency, total eating frequency, timing of first eating occasion, timing of last eating occasion, duration of eating window, and eating midpoint) for workdays and non-workdays separately. Eating jetlag was defined as the eating midpoint difference between workdays and non-workdays. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2020, based on the Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire (MDHQ) or 4-day weighed food diaries. EI misreporting was evaluated using the Goldberg cut-off principle.

Results

Using questionnaire data (CNBQ and MDHQ), we found inverse associations of snack and total eating frequencies, timing of last eating occasion, eating midpoint, and eating jetlag with diet quality (P < 0.05), irrespective of adjustment for EI misreporting. Also, we found positive associations of meal, snack, and total eating frequencies and duration of eating window with the prevalence of general obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2), abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males; ≥ 80 cm for females), or both; many of these associations were only evident (P < 0.05) after adjustment for EI misreporting. In contrast, using diary data, we found no associations between chrononutrition behaviors and diet quality, general obesity, or abdominal obesity, regardless of adjustment for EI misreporting (except for inverse associations of timings of first and last eating occasions and eating midpoint on workdays with diet quality).

Conclusions

The associations of chrononutrition behaviors with diet quality and obesity were dependent on the methodology used to assess these behaviors. Adjustment for EI misreporting radically changed only the associations with obesity in the questionnaire-based analysis. These findings suggest the importance of careful consideration of dietary assessment method selection and EI misreporting in chrononutrition research.

医療・健康
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