海洋巨大生物の追跡で保全地域の特定に貢献(Tracking the ocean’s giant species – Swansea data used in global research to identify key areas for conservation efforts)

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2025-06-06 スウォンジー大学

海洋巨大生物の追跡で保全地域の特定に貢献(Tracking the ocean’s giant species – Swansea data used in global research to identify key areas for conservation efforts)
Oceanic whitetip shark swimming with a school of pilot fish in the deep blue ocean waters: Daniel Torobekov (Pexels)

国際的な科学者チームが、サメ、クジラ、ウミガメ、アザラシなど100種以上の海洋大型動物の移動データを分析し、保全上重要な海域を特定する研究を実施しました。この「MegaMove」プロジェクトには50カ国以上から約400人の研究者が参加し、スウォンジー大学もカリブ海とインド洋におけるウミガメの移動データを提供しました。研究の結果、海洋保護区は世界の海のわずか8%に過ぎず、国連の「公海条約」で目指す30%の保護目標でも、海洋大型動物が利用する重要な生息地の60%が保護されないことが明らかになりました。これらの生息地は、移動、繁殖、採餌、休息に不可欠であり、漁業、航行、汚染、温暖化など人間活動の影響を強く受けています。研究者たちは、漁業規制や航路の見直しなどの追加的な保全措置の必要性を訴えています。

<関連情報>

海洋巨大生物の空間利用を世界規模で追跡し、保全目標の達成方法を明らかにする Global tracking of marine megafauna space use reveals how to achieve conservation targets

Ana M. M. Sequeira, Jorge P. Rodríguez, Sarah A. Marley, Hannah J. Calich, […] , and Víctor M. Eguíluz
Science  Published:5 Jun 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl0239

Editor’s summary

Many large marine animals are threatened with extinction. To address this problem, the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has set a goal of protecting, conserving, and managing at least 30% of the world’s oceans. However, the effectiveness of area-based conservation may be limited for highly mobile marine species, especially when there is limited understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of animal movement in the oceans. Sequeira et al. compiled tracking data from thousands of large marine vertebrates representing more than 100 species and identified important migratory corridors and areas where many species reside (see the Perspective by Gerber and Davis). Their findings show hotspots of movement and reveal that 30% protection will be inadequate for effective conservation, particularly considering the distribution of threats to biodiversity. —Bianca Lopez

Abstract

The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will be achieved. We assembled a multi-taxa tracking dataset (11 million geopositions from 15,845 tracked individuals across 121 species) to provide a global assessment of space use of highly mobile marine megafauna, showing that 63% of the area that they cover is used 80% of the time as important migratory corridors or residence areas. The GBF 30% threshold (Target 3) will be insufficient for marine megafauna’s effective conservation, leaving important areas exposed to major anthropogenic threats. Coupling area protection with mitigation strategies (e.g., fishing regulation, wildlife-traffic separation) will be essential to reach international goals and conserve biodiversity.

生物環境工学
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