2025-12-08 国立遺伝学研究所
A、B: エドヒガンの花と樹木。C、D:ヤマザクラの花と樹木。E: エドヒガンとヤマザクラの染色体レベルゲノム構造。F: エドヒガンの8番染色体にみられる大型の逆位構造。この逆位は他のオオシマザクラ、ヤマザクラ、カンヒザクラにはみられない。
<関連情報>
- https://www.nig.ac.jp/nig/ja/2025/12/research-highlights_ja/rh20251208-2.html
- https://academic.oup.com/dnaresearch/article/32/6/dsaf031/8306410
2種類の野生のサクラ(イトサクラとジャマサクラ)の染色体スケールのゲノムは、サクラにおける構造進化への洞察を提供します Chromosome-scale genomes of two wild flowering cherries (Cerasus itosakura and Cerasus jamasakura) provide insights into structural evolution in Cerasus
Kazumichi Fujiwara,Atsushi Toyoda,Toshio Katsuki,Yutaka Sato,Bhim B Biswa,Takushi Kishida,Momi Tsuruta,Yasukazu Nakamura,Takako Mochizuki,Noriko Kimura…
DNA Research Published:30 October 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsaf031
Abstract
Flowering cherries (genus Cerasus) are iconic trees in Japan, celebrated for their cultural and ecological significance. Despite their prominence, high-quality genomic resources for wild Cerasus species have been limited. Here, we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of two representative Japanese cherries: Cerasus itosakura, a progenitor of the widely cultivated C. ×yedoensis “Somei-yoshino,” and Cerasus jamasakura, a traditional popular wild species endemic to Japan. Using deep PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing, combined with reference-guided scaffolding based on near-complete C. speciosa genome, we generated assemblies of 259.1 Mbp (C. itosakura) and 312.6 Mbp (C. jamasakura), with both >98% BUSCO completeness. Consistent with their natural histories, C. itosakura showed low heterozygosity, while C. jamasakura displayed high genomic diversity. Comparative genomic analyses revealed structural variations, including large chromosomal inversions. Notably, the availability of both the previously published C. speciosa genome and our new C. itosakura genome enabled the reconstruction of proxy haplotypes for both parental lineages of “Somei-yoshino.” Comparison with the phased genome of “Somei-yoshino” revealed genomic discrepancies, suggesting that the cultivar may have arisen from genetically distinct or admixed individuals, and may also reflect intraspecific diversity. Our results offer genomic foundations for evolutionary and breeding studies in Cerasus and Prunus.
