2023-05-31 エディンバラ大学
◆これらの研究結果から、社会経済的な課題に直面している親に対するターゲット指向の支援が、早産児の脳の健康を初週から促進できる可能性があると研究者は述べている。
◆これらの社会経済的要因による脳の変化が将来の行動や学習にどのような影響を与えるのかをさらに研究する予定である。早産は子供の学習能力や行動に悪影響を与える可能性があり、この研究は早産児の脳の発達に社会的要因が重要であることを初めて示している。
<関連情報>
- https://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2023/social-factors-affect-premature-babies-brains
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2805445
早産と社会経済的地位の新生児脳構造への関連性 Association of Preterm Birth and Socioeconomic Status With Neonatal Brain Structure
Katie Mckinnon, Paola Galdi, Manuel Blesa-Cábez, Gemma Sullivan, Kadi Vaher, Amy Corrigan, Jill Hall, Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez, Michael Thrippleton, Mark E. Bastin, Alan J. Quigley, Evdoxia Valavani, Athanasios Tsanas, Hilary Richardson, James P. Boardman
JAMA Network Open Published: May 31, 2023
DOI:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16067
Key Points
Question Are preterm birth, socioeconomic status (SES), and neonatal brain structure associated?
Findings In this cohort study of 261 infants, after mutual adjustment, both low birth gestational age (GA) and SES were associated with brain structure. The nature of SES–brain structure associations varied depending how SES was operationalized; there were interactions between GA and measures of family-level SES on brain structure.
Meaning In this study, low birth GA, and to a lesser extent SES, were associated with neonatal brain structure; further work is required to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this association.
Abstract
Importance Preterm birth and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with brain structure in childhood, but the relative contributions of each during the neonatal period are unknown.
Objective To investigate associations of birth gestational age (GA) and SES with neonatal brain morphology by testing 3 hypotheses: GA and SES are associated with brain morphology; associations between SES and brain morphology vary with GA; and associations between SES and brain structure and morphology depend on how SES is operationalized.
Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study recruited participants from November 2016 to September 2021 at a single center in the United Kingdom. Participants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants and 91 full-term or near-term infants. Exclusion criteria were major congenital malformation, chromosomal abnormality, congenital infection, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, hemorrhagic parenchymal infarction, and posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation.
Exposures Birth GA and SES, operationalized at the neighborhood level (using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation), the family level (using parental education and occupation), and subjectively (World Health Organization Quality of Life measure).
Main Outcomes and Measures Brain volume (85 parcels) and 5 whole-brain cortical morphology measures (gyrification index, thickness, sulcal depth, curvature, surface area) at term-equivalent age (median [range] age, 40 weeks, 5 days [36 weeks, 2 days to 45 weeks, 6 days] and 42 weeks [38 weeks, 2 days to 46 weeks, 1 day] for preterm and full-term infants, respectively).
Results Participants were 170 extremely and very preterm infants (95 [55.9%] male; 4 of 166 [2.4%] Asian, 145 of 166 [87.3%] White) and 91 full-term or near-term infants (50 [54.9%] male; 3 of 86 [3.5%] Asian, 78 of 86 [90.7%] White infants) with median (range) birth GAs of 30 weeks, 0 days (22 weeks, 1 day, to 32 weeks, 6 days) and 39 weeks, 4 days (36 weeks, 3 days, to 42 weeks, 1 day), respectively. In fully adjusted models, birth GA was associated with a higher proportion of brain volumes (27 of 85 parcels [31.8%]; β range, -0.20 to 0.24) than neighborhood-level SES (1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.17 [95% CI, -0.16 to 0.50]) or family-level SES (maternal education: 4 of 85 parcels [4.7%]; β range, 0.09 to 0.15; maternal occupation: 1 of 85 parcels [1.2%]; β = 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.11] respectively). There were interactions between GA and both family-level and subjective SES measures on regional brain volumes. Birth GA was associated with cortical surface area (β = 0.10 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.18]) and gyrification index (β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.25]); no SES measure was associated with cortical measures.
Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of UK infants, birth GA and SES were associated with neonatal brain morphology, but low GA had more widely distributed associations with neonatal brain structure than SES. Further work is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association of both GA and SES with early brain development.
