サンゴ礁:気候変動下での生存をかけた戦いの場(Coral reefs: battlegrounds for survival in a changing climate)

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2024-07-08 カリフォルニア大学サンタバーバラ校(UCSB)

サンゴ礁:気候変動下での生存をかけた戦いの場(Coral reefs: battlegrounds for survival in a changing climate)
Photo Credit:Dam via Adobe Stock
Damselfish like these yellowtail dascyllus have an outsized effect on reefs compared to their humble proportions.

サンゴ礁の存続には、海水温の上昇や白化現象だけでなく、サンゴ礁に住む小さな生物たちの役割が重要であることが明らかになりました。UCサンタバーバラとジョージア大学の研究者によると、サンゴと共生する藻類の他に、ダムゼルフィッシュなどの魚や無脊椎動物がサンゴの健康に大きく影響します。これらの小さな生物は、サンゴに栄養を供給し、防衛を助けるなど、サンゴ礁の回復と耐性を高める役割を果たします。しかし、寄生性のカタツムリなど、サンゴに害を与える生物も存在します。サンゴ礁を保護するためには、気候変動対策に加え、これらの複雑な生態系の理解が不可欠です。

<関連情報>

魚類と無脊椎動物がサンゴの回復力に与える影響 How fishes and invertebrates impact coral resilience

Adrian C. Stier,Craig W. Osenberg
Current Biology  July 08, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.071

Summary

Increasingly intense and frequent ocean heatwaves are causing widespread coral mortality. These heatwaves are just one of the many stressors — among for instance ocean acidification, nutrient pollution and destructive fishing practices — that have caused widespread decline of coral reefs over the past century. This destruction of reefs threatens the remarkable biodiversity of organisms that depend upon coral reefs. However, recent research suggests that many of the fishes and invertebrates that inhabit coral reefs may play an underappreciated role in influencing the resistance and recovery of corals to stressors, especially those caused by global climate change such as ocean heatwaves. Unraveling the threads that link these coral inhabitants to the corals’ response to stressors has the potential to weave a more comprehensive model of resilience that integrates the plight of coral reefs with the breathtaking diversity of life they host. Here, we aim to elucidate the critical roles that coral-associated fishes and invertebrates play in mediating coral resilience to environmental stressors. By integrating recent research findings, we aim to showcase how these often-overlooked organisms influence coral resilience in the face of climate change.

生物環境工学
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