ヒトの腸の解剖学的構造に大きな差異があることを発見(Study Finds Significant Variation in Anatomy of Human Guts)

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2023-04-24 ノースカロライナ州立大学(NCState)

新しい研究によると、健康な人々の間には、人間の消化器系の解剖学に著しい違いがあることがわかりました。
この発見は、消化管の解剖学が人間の健康にどのような影響を与えるかを理解する上で重要であり、医学的診断や腸内微生物叢に関する洞察を提供する可能性があります。また、女性は男性よりも小腸が長い傾向があることもわかりました。

<関連情報>

隠れた多様性:ヒトと他の種の比較機能形態学 Hidden diversity: comparative functional morphology of humans and other species

Erin A. McKenney, Amanda R. Hale, Janiaya Anderson, Roxanne Larsen, Colleen Grant, Robert R. Dunn
PeerJ  Published:April 24, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15148

ヒトの腸の解剖学的構造に大きな差異があることを発見(Study Finds Significant Variation in Anatomy of Human Guts)

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) morphology plays an important role in nutrition, health, and epidemiology; yet limited data on GI variation have been collected since 1885. Here we demonstrate that students can collect reliable data sets on gut morphology; when they do, they reveal greater morphological variation for some structures in the GI tract than has been documented in the published literature. We discuss trait variability both within and among species, and the implications of that variability for evolution and epidemiology. Our results show that morphological variation in the GI tract is associated with each organ’s role in food processing. For example, the length of many structures was found to vary significantly with feeding strategy. Within species, the variability illustrated by the coefficients of variation suggests that selective constraints may vary with function. Within humans, we detected significant Pearson correlations between the volume of the liver and the length of the appendix (t-value = 2.5278, df = 28, p = 0.0174, corr = 0.4311) and colon (t-value = 2.0991, df = 19, p = 0.0494, corr = 0.4339), as well as between the lengths of the small intestine and colon (t-value = 2.1699, df = 17, p = 0.0445, corr = 0.4657), which are arguably the most vital organs in the gut for nutrient absorption. Notably, intraspecific variation in the small intestine can be associated with life history traits. In humans, females demonstrated consistently and significantly longer small intestines than males (t-value15 = 2.245, p = 0.0403). This finding supports the female canalization hypothesis, specifically, increased female investment in the digestion and absorption of lipids.

医療・健康
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