2023-05-09 インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン(ICL)
◆この研究は、自己免疫疾患の原因について新たな手がかりを提供している。また、自己免疫疾患の全体的な発生率が上昇しているのか、一般的な環境要因や行動変化によって引き起こされているのかについての疑問も浮上している。自己免疫疾患は免疫系が正常な役割を果たすことができず、体内の正常な健康細胞を誤って攻撃してしまう疾患であり、80以上の種類が知られている。
<関連情報>
- https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/244793/autoimmune-disorders-affect-about-individuals/
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(23)00457-9/fulltext
自己免疫疾患の発生率、有病率、併発率の経年変化と年齢、性別、社会経済的地位別:英国の2200万人を対象とした人口ベースコホート研究 Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK
Nathalie Conrad, Shivani Misra, Jan Y Verbakel, Geert Verbeke, Geert Molenberghs, N Taylor, Justin Mason, Naveed Sattar, John J V McMurray, Iain B McInnes, Kamlesh Khunti,Geraldine Cambridge
The Lancet Published:May 05, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00457-9
Summary
Background
A rise in the incidence of some autoimmune disorders has been described. However, contemporary estimates of the overall incidence of autoimmune diseases and trends over time are scarce and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of 19 of the most common autoimmune diseases in the UK, assess trends over time, and by sex, age, socioeconomic status, season, and region, and we examine rates of co-occurrence among autoimmune diseases.
Methods
In this UK population-based study, we used linked primary and secondary electronic health records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a cohort that is representative of the UK population in terms of age and sex and ethnicity. Eligible participants were men and women (no age restriction) with acceptable records, approved for Hospital Episodes Statistics and Office of National Statistics linkage, and registered with their general practice for at least 12 months during the study period. We calculated age and sex standardised incidence and prevalence of 19 autoimmune disorders from 2000 to 2019 and used negative binomial regression models to investigate temporal trends and variation by age, sex, socioeconomic status, season of onset, and geographical region in England. To characterise co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases, we calculated incidence rate ratios (IRRs), comparing incidence rates of comorbid autoimmune disease among individuals with a first (index) autoimmune disease with incidence rates in the general population, using negative binomial regression models, adjusted for age and sex.
Findings
Among the 22 009 375 individuals included in the study, 978 872 had a new diagnosis of at least one autoimmune disease between Jan 1, 2000, and June 30, 2019 (mean age 54·0 years [SD 21·4]). 625 879 (63·9%) of these diagnosed individuals were female and 352 993 (36·1%) were male. Over the study period, age and sex standardised incidence rates of any autoimmune diseases increased (IRR 2017–19 vs 2000–02 1·04 [95% CI 1·00–1·09]). The largest increases were seen in coeliac disease (2·19 [2·05–2·35]), Sjogren’s syndrome (2·09 [1·84–2·37]), and Graves’ disease (2·07 [1·92–2·22]); pernicious anaemia (0·79 [0·72–0·86]) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (0·81 [0·75–0·86]) significantly decreased in incidence. Together, the 19 autoimmune disorders examined affected 10·2% of the population over the study period (1 912 200 [13·1%] women and 668 264 [7·4%] men). A socioeconomic gradient was evident across several diseases, including pernicious anaemia (most vs least deprived area IRR 1·72 [1·64–1·81]), rheumatoid arthritis (1·52 [1·45–1·59]), Graves’ disease (1·36 [1·30–1·43]), and systemic lupus erythematosus (1·35 [1·25–1·46]). Seasonal variations were observed for childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (more commonly diagnosed in winter) and vitiligo (more commonly diagnosed in summer), and regional variations were observed for a range of conditions. Autoimmune disorders were commonly associated with each other, particularly Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis. Individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes also had significantly higher rates of Addison’s disease (IRR 26·5 [95% CI 17·3–40·7]), coeliac disease (28·4 [25·2–32·0]), and thyroid disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis 13·3 [11·8–14·9] and Graves’ disease 6·7 [5·1–8·5]), and multiple sclerosis had a particularly low rate of co-occurrence with other autoimmune diseases.
Interpretation
Autoimmune diseases affect approximately one in ten individuals, and their burden continues to increase over time at varying rates across individual diseases. The socioeconomic, seasonal, and regional disparities observed among several autoimmune disorders in our study suggest environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. The inter-relations between autoimmune diseases are commensurate with shared pathogenetic mechanisms or predisposing factors, particularly among connective tissue diseases and among endocrine diseases.
Funding
Research Foundation Flanders.
