温泉の中の生命(Life in boiling water)

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科学者たちが遠く離れた温泉の微生物を調べながら進化の手がかりを見つける Scientists find evolutionary clues while examining microbes in far-flung hot springs

2023-09-12 オークリッジ国立研究所(ORNL)

温泉の中の生命(Life in boiling water)
Scientists conducted microbial DNA sampling at a Yellowstone National Park hot spring for a study sponsored by DOE’s Biological and Environmental Research program, the National Science Foundation and NASA. Credit: Mircea Podar/ORNL, U.S. Dept. of Energy

◆オークリッジ国立研究所の科学者たちは、異なる大陸の温泉を研究し、いくつかの微生物が地理的な多様性にもかかわらずどのように適応したかについての類似性を見つけました。この研究結果は、生命の進化と、最も頑丈な微生物がバイオテクノロジーに利用できる可能性についての手がかりを提供しています。
◆この研究は、アメリカ、アイスランド、日本の水温が摂氏65度(華氏149度)以上の温泉を初めてサンプリングしたもので、環境はユニークな地質と化学組成を持っており、何千マイルも離れた場所に高度に関連する微生物を見つけたことは驚きでした。

<関連情報>

地殻変動と地質環境が温泉微生物学に影響を与える Tectonic and geological setting influence hot spring microbiology

Daniel R. Colman, Allison Veach, Andri Stefánsson, Louie Wurch, B. Shafer Belisle, Peter T. Podar, Zamin Yang, Dawn Klingeman, Kazuyo Senba, Katsuhiko S. Murakami, Jakob K. Kristjánsson, Snædís H. Björnsdóttir, Eric S. Boyd, Mircea Podar
Environmental Microbiology  Published: 08 August 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16472

Abstract

Hydrothermal systems form at divergent and convergent boundaries of lithospheric plates and within plates due to weakened crust and mantle plumes, playing host to diverse microbial ecosystems. Little is known of how differences in tectonic setting influence the geochemical and microbial compositions of these hydrothermal ecosystems. Here, coordinated geochemical and microbial community analyses were conducted on 87 high-temperature (>65°C) water and sediment samples from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA (n = 41; mantle plume setting), Iceland (n = 41, divergent boundary), and Japan (n = 5; convergent boundary). Region-specific variation in geochemistry and sediment-associated 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variant (ASV) composition was observed, with 16S rRNA gene assemblages being nearly completely distinguished by region and pH being the most explanatory parameter within regions. Several low abundance ASVs exhibited cosmopolitan distributions across regions, while most high-abundance ASVs were only identified in specific regions. The presence of some cosmopolitan ASVs across regions argues against dispersal limitation primarily shaping the distribution of taxa among regions. Rather, the results point to local tectonic and geologic characteristics shaping the geochemistry of continental hydrothermal systems that then select for distinct microbial assemblages. These results provide new insights into the co-evolution of hydrothermal systems and their microbial communities.

生物化学工学
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