2023-09-18 ミシガン大学
◆大規模な産業用の単一作物栽培は生物多様性を減少させ、感染野生動物を引き寄せますが、小規模で多様な農場は問題を回避しやすいとされます。
◆提案された「農業マトリックスフレームワーク」は、農業と感染症の関係を調査し、生態学的および社会政治的要因を考慮し、感染症、気候変動、貧困などの問題に対処するための実効性のあるアクションを提供します。
<関連情報>
- https://news.umich.edu/incubator-or-barrier-exploring-the-links-between-agriculture-biodiversity-and-the-spread-of-pathogens/
- https://www.cell.com/one-earth/fulltext/S2590-3322(23)00389-5
土地利用と土地被覆の変化を超えて: 人獣共通感染症は農業マトリックスに現れる Looking beyond land-use and land-cover change: Zoonoses emerge in the agricultural matrix
Ivette Perfecto,Luis Fernando Chaves,Gordon M. Fitch,Zachary Hajian-Forooshani,Benjamin Iuliano,Kevin Li,Nicholas Medina,Jonathan Morris,Beatriz Otero Jiménez,Iris Saraeny Rivera-Salinas,Chenyang Su,John Vandermeer,Alexa White,Kimberly Williams-Guillén
One Earth Published:September 15, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.08.010
Summary
Emerging zoonoses (new infectious diseases where pathogens circulate between humans and domestic and wild animals) follow ecological and evolutionary processes that are becoming more common, undermining our ability to achieve the sustainable development goal of good health and well-being. Agriculture has been implied as a major force promoting emerging zoonoses. However, agricultural systems are variable, with some agricultural modes of production expressing social formations that condition biological interactions that can promote (or protect us from) the emergence of new zoonoses in the same way they destroy (or protect) species biodiversity. Consequently, the socioecological characteristics of the agricultural system influence the probability of zoonosis emergence. Here, we propose an approach to examining the relationship between agriculture and zoonoses that suggests that the agricultural matrix, within which other elements of the landscape are positioned, confers various degrees of landscape immunity. Highly simplified, homogeneous, and chemically intensive agricultural landscapes are unlikely to provide such immunity, while diverse agroecological matrices populated by small-/medium-scale farmers and a robust local food system likely will; i.e., they will decrease the probability of zoonosis emergence. In addition, such a landscape is also expected to enhance food sovereignty and security, mitigate climate change, reduce poverty, and protect biodiversity.
