PNNLの科学者が、1型糖尿病で活性化する分子スイッチの特定に貢献(PNNL Scientists Help Pinpoint Molecular Switch Active in Type-1 Diabetes)

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2024-03-01 パシフィック・ノースウェスト国立研究所(PNNL)

新しい研究では、1型糖尿病の発症における免疫系の役割だけでなく、攻撃の対象であるベータ細胞自体が自己破壊に関与していることが明らかにされた。ジョスリン糖尿病センターの研究者らは、ベータ細胞が自己保護のための分子メカニズムを持つことを示し、特定の分子修飾がこのメカニズムを変化させることを発見した。これは、インスリン産生細胞を保護するための重要な情報を提供するものである。

<関連情報>

β細胞におけるm6Aメチル化酵素METTL3のレドックス制御が1型糖尿病の自然免疫応答を制御する Redox regulation of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes

Dario F. De Jesus,Zijie Zhang,Natalie K. Brown,Xiaolu Li,Ling Xiao,Jiang Hu,Matthew J. Gaffrey,Garrett Fogarty,Sevim Kahraman,Jiangbo Wei,Giorgio Basile,Tariq M. Rana,Clayton Mathews,Alvin C. Powers,Audrey V. Parent,Mark A. Atkinson,Sirano Dhe-Paganon,Decio L. Eizirik,Wei-Jun Qian,Chuan He & Rohit N. Kulkarni
Nature Cell Biology  Published:26 February 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-024-01368-0

PNNLの科学者が、1型糖尿病で活性化する分子スイッチの特定に貢献(PNNL Scientists Help Pinpoint Molecular Switch Active in Type-1 Diabetes)

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m6A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in β-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. m6A sequencing revealed the m6A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators, including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and ADAR1 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells at T1D onset. METTL3 silencing enhanced 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase levels by increasing its mRNA stability. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in β-cells delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked upregulation of METTL3 in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide enhanced METTL3 levels and activity. Furthermore, we report that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domains of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation and are important to the METTL3-mediated regulation of oligoadenylate synthase mRNA stability in human β-cells. Collectively, we report that m6A regulates the innate immune response at the β-cell level during the onset of T1D in humans.

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