「DNAダイエット」は高血糖に関連する健康リスクの軽減に役立つか?(Could a ‘DNA diet’ help to reduce health risks linked to high blood sugar?)

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2024-03-07 インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン(ICL)

イギリスの試験では、DNAに基づいた食事が血糖管理を助け、高リスク個人の2型糖尿病進行リスクを低減する可能性があることが示されました。この結果は、イギリスの標準ケアであるNICEガイドラインに基づく標準的な食事指導よりも、遺伝情報に基づいた個別の食事アドバイスが血糖値を減少させるのに効果的であることを示しています。この研究は、大規模な臨床試験で確認が必要ですが、個々の遺伝子情報を考慮した食事アドバイスが潜在的な効果的な介入である可能性があります。

<関連情報>

26週間にわたるグルコース調節障害における個別化栄養介入の影響評価:無作為化比較試験 Assessment of the impact of a personalised nutrition intervention in impaired glucose regulation over 26 weeks: a randomised controlled trial

Maria Karvela,Caroline T. Golden,Nikeysha Bell,Stephanie Martin-Li,Judith Bedzo-Nutakor,Natalie Bosnic,Pierre DeBeaudrap,Sara de Mateo-Lopez,Ahmed Alajrami,Yun Qin,Maria Eze,Tsz-Kin Hon,Javier Simón-Sánchez,Rashmita Sahoo,Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard,Patrick Soon-Shiong,Christofer Toumazou & Nick Oliver
Scientific Reports  Published:05 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55105-6

「DNAダイエット」は高血糖に関連する健康リスクの軽減に役立つか?(Could a ‘DNA diet’ help to reduce health risks linked to high blood sugar?)

Abstract

Dietary interventions can reduce progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of a DNA-personalised nutrition intervention in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia over 26 weeks. ASPIRE-DNA was a pilot study. Participants were randomised into three arms to receive either (i) Control arm: standard care (NICE guidelines) (n = 51), (ii) Intervention arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice (n = 50), or (iii) Exploratory arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice via a self-guided app and wearable device (n = 46). The primary outcome was the difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between the Control and Intervention arms after 6 weeks. 180 people were recruited, of whom 148 people were randomised, mean age of 59 years (SD = 11), 69% of whom were female. There was no significant difference in the FPG change between the Control and Intervention arms at 6 weeks (- 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI [- 0.37, 0.11]), p = 0.29), however, we found that a DNA-personalised dietary intervention led to a significant reduction of FPG at 26 weeks in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.019 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.01), as did the Exploratory arm (- 0.021 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.006). HbA1c at 26 weeks was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.038 (SD = 0.018), p = 0.04). There was some evidence suggesting prevention of progression to T2DM across the groups that received a DNA-based intervention (p = 0.06). Personalisation of dietary advice based on DNA did not result in glucose changes within the first 6 weeks but was associated with significant reduction of FPG and HbA1c at 26 weeks when compared to standard care. The DNA-based diet was effective regardless of intervention type, though results should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size. These findings suggest that DNA-based dietary guidance is an effective intervention compared to standard care, but there is still a minimum timeframe of adherence to the intervention before changes in clinical outcomes become apparent.

医療・健康
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