レンセラー大学の研究者、道路の塩分に反応してカエルの種が急速に進化したことを発見(Rensselaer Researcher Finds that Frog Species Evolved Rapidly in Response To Road Salts)

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2024-04-22 レンセラー工科大学 (RPI)

レンセラー工科大学のリック・リリア教授率いる研究チームは、わずか25年の間に進化したカエルの種を発見しました。この進化は道路用塩の影響で起こり、塩分濃度が非常に高い湿地での研究により、木のカエルが高い塩分耐性を獲得したことが確認されました。これは、脱氷塩が周辺環境に及ぼす影響を示すもので、さらなる塩分増加に対してカエルが生き残るとは限らないことを示しています。リリア教授は、この研究が塩汚染にさらされている植物や動物の保護に役立つことを望んでいます。

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淡水の塩水化と両生類の進化した耐性 Freshwater salinization and the evolved tolerance of amphibians

Rick Relyea, Brian Mattes, Candace Schermerhorn, Isaac Shepard
Ecology and Evolution  Published: 12 March 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11069

レンセラー大学の研究者、道路の塩分に反応してカエルの種が急速に進化したことを発見(Rensselaer Researcher Finds that Frog Species Evolved Rapidly in Response To Road Salts)

Abstract

The increasing salinization of freshwaters is a growing environmental issue as a result of mining, agriculture, climate change, and the application of de-icing salts in regions that experience ice and snow. Due to narrow osmotic limits, many freshwater species are particularly susceptible to salinization, but it is possible that repeated exposures over time could favor the evolution of increased salt tolerance. Using collected nine populations of larval wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) as eggs from ponds and wetlands with close proximity to roads and spanning a wide gradient of salt concentrations. In the first experiment, we used a time-to-death experiment to examine the salt tolerance. In a second experiment, we examined whether population differences in salt tolerance were associated with trade-offs in growth, development, or behavior in the presence of control water or a sublethal salt concentration. We found that populations collected from ponds with low and intermediate salt concentrations exhibited similar tolerance curves over a 96-h exposure. However, the population from a pond with the highest salt concentration exhibited a much higher tolerance. We also found population differences in growth, development, and activity level among the populations, but these were not associated with population differences in tolerance. In addition, the sublethal concentration of salt had no impact on growth and development, but it did cause a reduction in tadpole activity across the populations. Collectively, these results provide further evidence that some species of freshwater organisms can evolve tolerance to increasing salinization, although it may only occur under relatively high concentrations and without trade-offs in growth, development, or behavior.

生物化学工学
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