カニの生物多様性:種を数えるだけではない(Biodiversity in crabs: more than counting species)

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2024-05-22 ミュンヘン大学(LMU)

LMUのキャロリン・ハウグ教授率いるチームは、生物多様性が種の数だけでは評価できないことを明らかにしました。研究者たちは、真のカニ(Brachyura)と偽のカニ(Anomura、イソガニやヤドカリを含む)の甲羅の形状を比較し、偽のカニがより多様な形状を持つことを発見しました。この形状の多様性は、彼らの生活様式と生態的役割に関連しています。一方、種の数は真のカニの方が多いです。さらに、発達段階を観察すると、真のカニはプランクトンに住む幼生期に最も多様性が高く、中間段階では多様性が最も低くなります。この研究は、生物多様性が種の数だけでなく、発達段階や形態の多様性も考慮する必要があることを示しています。

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真正カニと偽カニの形態学的多様性からメガロパ相の類型性が明らかになる Morphological diversity in true and false crabs reveals the plesiomorphy of the megalopa phase

Florian Braig,Carolin Haug & Joachim T. Haug
Scientific Reports  Published:15 April 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58780-7

カニの生物多様性:種を数えるだけではない(Biodiversity in crabs: more than counting species)

Abstract

Brachyura and Anomala (or Anomura), also referred to as true and false crabs, form the species-rich and globally abundant group of Meiura, an ingroup of Decapoda. The evolutionary success of both groups is sometimes attributed to the process of carcinization (evolving a crab-like body), but might also be connected to the megalopa, a specific transitional larval phase. We investigate these questions, using outline analysis of the shields (carapaces) of more than 1500 meiuran crabs. We compare the morphological diversity of different developmental phases of major ingroups of true and false crabs. We find that morphological diversity of adults is larger in false crabs than in true crabs, indicating that taxonomic diversity and morphological diversity are not necessarily linked. The increasing morphological disparity of adults of true and false crabs with increasing phylogenetic distance furthermore indicates diverging evolution of the shield morphology of adult representatives of Meiura. Larvae of true crabs also show larger diversity than their adult counterparts, highlighting the importance of larvae for biodiversity studies. The megalopa phase of Meiura appears to be plesiomorphic, as it overlaps between true and false crabs and shows little diversity. Causes may be common evolutionary constraints on a developmental phase specialized for transitioning.

生物環境工学
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