有毒で幻覚作用のあるキノコの無秩序な販売が公衆衛生を脅かす(Unregulated Sales of a Toxic and Hallucinogenic Mushroom Endanger Public Health)

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2024-06-10  カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校(UCSD)

カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校の研究によると、「マジックマッシュルーム」への関心が高まり、2022年から2023年にかけてGoogle検索が114%増加しました。この関心は、アマニタ・ムスカリア(ベニテングタケ)によるもので、これは精神活性効果を持つものの、毒性が高く危険です。一方、シロシビンは抗うつ効果が認められており、安全性が高いです。研究者たちは、アマニタ・ムスカリアをシロシビンと誤認させるマーケティングが消費者に誤った情報を提供していると警告しています。規制の欠如がこの状況を助長しており、公衆衛生の対応が必要です。

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キノコの無秩序な販売に対する公衆衛生上の対応の必要性 Need for a Public Health Response to the Unregulated Sales of Amanita muscaria Mushrooms

Eric C. Leas, PhD, MPH ;Nora Satybaldiyeva, MPH;Wayne Kepner, MPH;…,Raquel M. Harati, MPH;Jamie Corroon, ND, MPH;Matthieu Rouffet, PhD
American Journal of Preventive Medicine  Published:June 10, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2024.05.006

INTRODUCTION

Interest in psilocybin-containing mushrooms is increasing in the U.S., with 12.3% of U.S. adults reporting use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in 2022, up significantly from 11.4% in 2021.1This makes psilocybin-containing mushrooms the most commonly used hallucinogenic substance. This growing interest in psilocybin-containing mushrooms has also sparked a new commercial market for other types of mushrooms. Some of these mushrooms have potent pharmacological properties including Amanita muscaria mushrooms (Figure 1), which contain the compounds muscimol and its biosynthetic precursor, ibotenic acid. Muscimol is psychotropic (i.e., can produce acute changes in perception, mood, cognition, and behavior), while ibotenic acid is not. Both compounds are also highly toxic and can be fatal at high enough doses. However, unlike psilocybin-containing mushrooms, neither Amanita muscaria, muscimol, nor ibotenic acid are scheduled under the 1970 U.S. Controlled Substance Act or comparable international laws in most countries. Herein the history, present availability, safety, and legal status of Amanita muscaria are discussed and a case for improved regulation is made in light of serious safety concerns.

有毒で幻覚作用のあるキノコの無秩序な販売が公衆衛生を脅かす(Unregulated Sales of a Toxic and Hallucinogenic Mushroom Endanger Public Health)

Figure 1The Amanita muscaria mushroom.

有機化学・薬学
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