2022-11-14 ヒューストン大学(UH)
ヘロインの50倍、モルヒネの100倍の強度を持つフェンタニルを含む合成オピオイドの過剰摂取により、毎日150人以上の人々が亡くなっている。フェンタニルを約2ミリグラム(米粒2つ分の大きさ)摂取すると、体格にもよりますが、致命的なダメージを受ける可能性が高いと言われている。
開発されたワクチンは、消費されたフェンタニルと結合する抗フェンタニル抗体を生成し、脳への侵入を防ぎ、腎臓から体外に排出させることが可能である。
また、このワクチンは、実験に使用したラットに副作用を与えなかったことも確認された。
<関連情報>
- https://uh.edu/news-events/stories/2022-news-articles/november-2022/11142022-fentanyl-vaccine-haile-kosten
- https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2290/htm
雌雄ラットにおけるフェンタニルの分布の変化と抗侵害、行動および生理的作用の軽減に関する研究 An Immunconjugate Vaccine Alters Distribution and Reduces the Antinociceptive, Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Fentanyl in Male and Female Rats
Colin N. Haile,Miah D. Bake,Sergio A. Sanchez,Carlos A. Lopez Arteaga,Anantha L. Duddupudi,Gregory D. Cuny,Elizabeth B. Norton,Thomas R. Kosten and Therese A. Kosten
Pharmaceutics Published: 26 October 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112290
Abstract
Fentanyl (FEN) is a potent synthetic opioid associated with increasing incidence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and fatal opioid overdose. Vaccine immunotherapy for FEN-associated disorders may be a viable therapeutic strategy. Here, we expand and confirm our previous study in mice showing immunological and antinociception efficacy of our FEN vaccine administered with the adjuvant dmLT. In this study, immunized male and female rats produced significant levels of anti-FEN antibodies that were highly effective at neutralizing FEN–induced antinociception in the tail flick assay and hot plate assays. The vaccine also decreased FEN brain levels following drug administration. Immunization blocked FEN-induced, but not morphine-induced, rate-disrupting effects on schedule-controlled responding. Vaccination prevented decreases on physiological measures (oxygen saturation, heart rate) and reduction in overall activity following FEN administration in male rats. The impact of FEN on these measures was greater in unvaccinated male rats compared to unvaccinated female rats. Cross-reactivity assays showed anti-FEN antibodies bound to FEN and sufentanil but not to morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, or oxycodone. These data support further clinical development of this vaccine to address OUD in humans.
