島の生物多様性は鳥の翼に乗っている(Island biodiversity rides on the wings of birds)

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2024-12-03 ワシントン大学セントルイス校

島の生物多様性は鳥の翼に乗っている(Island biodiversity rides on the wings of birds)
An Arctic tern soars in Alaska. (Photo: Justin Baldwin)

ワシントン大学の研究によると、鳥類の翼の形状は飛行能力を示す指標であり、島嶼における生物多様性のパターンに影響を与えることが明らかになりました。翼が尖っている鳥ほど長距離を飛行でき、これにより異なる島々への移動が可能となり、種の分布や多様性に寄与します。この研究は、島嶼生物地理学において、地理的要因だけでなく、種の特性、特に分散能力が生物多様性に重要な役割を果たすことを示しています。

<関連情報>

鳥類の分散能力が世界中の島々における種と面積の関係を形成する Avian Dispersal Ability Shapes Species–Area Relationships on Islands Worldwide

J. W. Baldwin, Jonathan A. Myers
Ecology Letters  Published: 02 December 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.70020

ABSTRACT

Island biogeography theory provides key insights into biodiversity patterns across islands species–area relationships and conservation. However, classical island biogeography theory assumes that species are ecologically equivalent in terms of their dispersal ability. We evaluated the role of a key trait (hand-wing index, a proxy for dispersal ability in birds) in shaping species-area relationships of avifauna spanning 6706 species on 3894 islands. High community-weighted mean (CWM) dispersal ability in regional species pools had widespread but context-dependent effects on island species-area relationships. Among island archipelagos at smaller spatial extents, high CWM dispersal ability was associated with steeper species-area relationships. Among zoogeographical realms at larger spatial extents high CWM dispersal ability was associated with shallower species-area relationships and higher local species richness on small islands. Our study reveals that geographic variation in species’ dispersal traits has strong effects on island species-area relationships and likely plays an important role in non-neutral community assembly.

生物環境工学
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