糖を餌にする腸内細菌の初の分析(Healthy Gut Bacteria That Feed on Sugar Analysed for the First Time)

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2025-01-31 バーミンガム大学

バーミンガム大学の研究チームは、腸内の健康に関連する細菌「Akkermansia muciniphila (AM)」が、腸の粘液に含まれる糖を分解する仕組みを初めて体系的に分析した。66種類の酵素を特定し、これらが粘液を完全に分解することを確認。AMの減少は炎症性疾患や糖尿病と関連しており、研究成果は疾患の診断や治療に役立つ可能性がある​。

<関連情報>

Akkermansia muciniphilaの糖質活性酵素はムチンのO-糖鎖を分解して完成する Carbohydrate-active enzymes from Akkermansia muciniphila break down mucin O-glycans to completion

Cassie R. Bakshani,Taiwo O. Ojuri,Bo Pilgaard,Jesper Holck,Ross McInnes,Radoslaw P. Kozak,Maria Zakhour,Sara Çakaj,Manon Kerouedan,Emily Newton,David N. Bolam & Lucy I. Crouch
Nature microbiology  Published:31 January 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-024-01911-7

糖を餌にする腸内細菌の初の分析(Healthy Gut Bacteria That Feed on Sugar Analysed for the First Time)

Abstract

Akkermansia muciniphila is a human microbial symbiont residing in the mucosal layer of the large intestine. Its main carbon source is the highly heterogeneous mucin glycoprotein, and it uses an array of carbohydrate-active enzymes and sulfatases to access this complex energy source. Here we describe the biochemical characterization of 54 glycoside hydrolases, 11 sulfatases and 1 polysaccharide lyase from A. muciniphila to provide a holistic understanding of their carbohydrate-degrading activities. This was achieved using a variety of liquid chromatography techniques, mass spectrometry, enzyme kinetics and thin-layer chromatography. These results are supported with A. muciniphila growth and whole-cell assays. We find that these enzymes can act synergistically to degrade the O-glycans on the mucin polypeptide to completion, down to the core N-acetylgalactosaime. In addition, these enzymes can break down human breast milk oligosaccharide, ganglioside and globoside glycan structures, showing their capacity to target a variety of host glycans. These data provide a resource to understand the full degradative capability of the gut microbiome member A. muciniphila.

医療・健康
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