医薬品生合成におけるスーパーオキシドの触媒作用の解明(Study Reveals Superoxide Catalytic Role in Biosynthesis of Medicinal Products)

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2025-03-24 中国科学院(CAS)

中国科学院天津工業生物技術研究所(TIBCAS)と杭州師範大学の研究チームは、酵素EasCが持つ二重の「触媒ワークショップ」とトンネル構造を通じて、スーパーオキシド(O₂•⁻)を用いた麦角アルカロイド(EA)の生合成メカニズムを解明しました。内部のヘムポケットで生成されたスーパーオキシドがトンネルを通じて外部の触媒部位に運ばれ、基質を医薬品に変換する一連のラジカル反応を触媒します。従来、ROSは細胞に有害とされてきましたが、本研究はその構造的・機能的役割の進化的巧妙さを示し、医薬品生産のための「細胞工場」構築に新たな道を開く成果となりました。

<関連情報>

チャノクラビン合成酵素はNADPH非依存的スーパーオキシド機構で作動する Chanoclavine synthase operates by an NADPH-independent superoxide mechanism

Chun-Chi Chen,Zhi-Pu Yu,Ziwei Liu,Yongpeng Yao,Peter-Leon Hagedoorn,Rob Alexander Schmitz,Lujia Yang,Lu Yu,Aokun Liu,Xiang Sheng,Hao Su,Yaqing Ma,Te Wang,Jian-Wen Huang,Lilan Zhang,Juzhang Yan,Jinping Bao,Chengsen Cui,Xian Li,Panpan Shen,Wuyuan Zhang,Jian Min,Chang-Yun Wang,Rey-Ting Guo & Shu-Shan Gao
Nature  Published:05 March 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08670-3

医薬品生合成におけるスーパーオキシドの触媒作用の解明(Study Reveals Superoxide Catalytic Role in Biosynthesis of Medicinal Products)

Abstract

More than ten ergot alkaloids comprising both natural and semi-synthetic products are used to treat various diseases1,2. The central C ring forms the core pharmacophore for ergot alkaloids, giving them structural similarity to neurotransmitters, thus enabling their modulation of neurotransmitter receptors3. The haem catalase chanoclavine synthase (EasC) catalyses the construction of this ring through complex radical oxidative cyclization4. Unlike canonical catalases, which catalyse H2O2 disproportionation5,6, EasC and its homologues represent a broader class of catalases that catalyse O2-dependent radical reactions4,7. We have elucidated the structure of EasC by cryo-electron microscopy, revealing a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) (NADPH)-binding pocket and a haem pocket common to all haem catalases, with a unique homodimeric architecture that is, to our knowledge, previously unobserved. The substrate prechanoclavine unprecedentedly binds in the NADPH-binding pocket, instead of the previously suspected haem-binding pocket, and two pockets were connected by a slender tunnel. Contrary to the established mechanisms, EasC uses superoxide rather than the more generally used transient haem iron–oxygen complexes (such as compounds I, II and III)8,9, to mediate substrate transformation through superoxide-mediated cooperative catalysis of the two distant pockets. We propose that this reactive oxygen species mechanism could be widespread in metalloenzyme-catalysed reactions.

有機化学・薬学
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