アルツハイマー病の早期発見研究(New Research Lays Groundwork for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease)

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2025-04-22 コロンビア大学

コロンビア大学メイルマン公衆衛生大学院とバトラー高齢化センターの研究チームは、アルツハイマー病のリスク因子やバイオマーカーが24~44歳の間に認知機能と関連していることを発見しました。心血管健康、ATNバイオマーカー、免疫指標などが早期から影響を与えることが確認され、認知機能低下の予測とアルツハイマー病の早期予防に向けた重要な知見となりました。研究成果は『The Lancet Regional Health – Americas』に掲載されました。

<関連情報>

米国を代表する集団ベースの研究における中年期以前のアルツハイマー病の危険因子と認知機能 Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive function before middle age in a U.S. representative population-based study

Allison E. Aiello, Jennifer Momkus, Rebecca C. Stebbins, Yuan S. Zhang, Chantel L. Martin, Y. Claire Yang, Lauren Gaydoshf, Taylor Hargrove, Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri, Kathleen Mullan Harris
The Lancet Regional Health – Americas  Available online: 5 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2025.101087

アルツハイマー病の早期発見研究(New Research Lays Groundwork for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease)

Summary

Background

Alzheimer’s disease is a major health concern in the U.S., but most research has focused on older populations. We examined whether established risk factors and blood biomarkers are associated with cognition before midlife.

Methods

Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) were analyzed. Participants were enrolled in 1994–95 (grades 7–12) and followed through 2018. We cross-sectionally analyzed weighted survey and biomarker data from Waves IV and V. We measured the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) score comprised of age, education, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesteroal, and physical activity and apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE ε4) status. We also measured total Tau and Neurofilament light (NfL), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Outcomes included immediate word recall, delayed word recall, and backward digit span.

Findings

Analytic sample sizes ranged from 4507 to 11,449 participants in Wave IV and from 529 to 1121 participants in Wave V. The survey-weighted median (IQR) age was 28 (26–29) years in Wave IV and 38 (36–29) years in Wave V. About half of the survey-weighted Wave IV participants were female (48.4–52.1% across analytic samples), 71.4–72.5% were White, 12.5–14.9% were Black, and 9.3–10.2% were Hispanic. In Wave V, 43.6–46.8% were female, 68.7–69.3% were White, 17.1%–20.0% were Black, and 7.3%–9.6% were Hispanic. The CAIDE score was associated with all cognition measures in Wave IV. For example, among adults aged 24–34, each 1-point increase in CAIDE was associated with a 0.03 standard deviation lower backward digit span score (95% CI: -0.04, -0.02). Total Tau was associated with immediate word recall in Wave V (β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.23, -0.04). Wave IV hsCRP and IL-10 and Wave V IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 were also associated with lower cognitive scores.

Interpretation

Key risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease are linked to cognitive function as early as ages 24–44, highlighting the need for early prevention in the US.

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