猛暑の「翌日」に注意、妊婦の重大疾患リスクが上昇~暑さ指数と常位胎盤早期剥離の関連を全国データで実証~

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2025-05-21 東京科学大学

東京科学大学(Science Tokyo)大学院医歯学総合研究科の寺田周平助教と藤原武男教授らの研究チームは、日本全国11地域における2011~2020年の6,947症例のデータを解析し、暑さ指数(WBGT)が高い日の翌日に常位胎盤早期剥離のリスクが有意に上昇することを初めて実証しました。特に、妊娠高血圧症候群や胎児発育不全を有する妊婦では、影響がより強くみられました。この研究は、猛暑が発症のタイミングを1日程度早める可能性を示唆しており、妊婦も高齢者や子どもと同様に暑さの健康リスクを受けやすい存在であることへの社会的認識が必要です。今後は、猛暑時の医療体制や生活行動の見直しなどを通じて、母子の健康を守る新たな支援策の整備が求められます。本研究成果は、2025年4月10日付で国際学術誌『BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology』に掲載されました。

猛暑の「翌日」に注意、妊婦の重大疾患リスクが上昇~暑さ指数と常位胎盤早期剥離の関連を全国データで実証~図 暑さ指数95パーセンタイル以上の暑い日と常位胎盤早期剥離のリスク

<関連情報>

熱ストレスと胎盤剥離: 時空間層別ケースクロスオーバー研究 Heat Stress and Placental Abruption: A Space–Time Stratified Case-Crossover Study

Shuhei Terada, Hisaaki Nishimura, Naoyuki Miyasaka, Takeo Fujiwara
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology  Published: 10 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.18163

ABSTRACT

Objective

To examine whether heat stress, measured by wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), a comprehensive heat stress index is associated with placental abruption within 7 days.

Design

A space–time-stratified case-crossover design.

Setting

All 11 regions in Japan during the warm season (June–September) from 2011 to 2020.

Population

6947 cases of placental abruption were registered in the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database.

Methods

Quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag linear models assessed the association between heat stress, defined as daily maximum WBGT exceeding the 95th percentile of the regional distribution during the warm season, and daily placental abruption cases over a lag period of 0–7 days. Stratified analyses examined gestational week (preterm vs. term), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and small for gestational age (SGA).

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical diagnosed placental abruption.

Results

Heat stress was associated with an increased risk of placental abruption on lag 1 (relative risk [RR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.39) and lower risk on lag 2 (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.95), with negligible cumulative risk over lag 0–7 due to counterbalancing effects. Similar patterns were observed in preterm and term pregnancies. Individuals with HDP showed a higher risk on lag 1 (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.31–1.88), as did those with SGA infants (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.26–1.73).

Conclusions

Heat stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of placental abruption on the day after exposure, potentially advancing cases that might have occurred later, particularly in individuals with HDP or SGA infants.

医療・健康
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