2025-06-12 京都大学
「就労あり」:世帯員に就労者がいる世帯。「非ひとり親」:ひとり親世帯(親ひとりと子ども)以外の世帯を指し、両親がいる場合、3世代同居の場合、親が不在の場合、施設に入所している場合などさまざまな類型が含まれる。
<関連情報>
- https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ja/research-news/2025-06-12-2
- https://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/sites/default/files/2025-06/web_2506_Nishioka-7bed0159d5f88e6903c63ef466c2f58a.pdf
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ped.70005
日本における生活保護受給児童の特徴と入院: 集団ベースのコホート研究 Characteristics and hospitalizations among children on public assistance in Japan: A population-based cohort study
Daisuke Nishioka, Keiko Ueno, Shiho Kino, Naoki Kondo
Pediatrics International Published: 10 June 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.70005
Abstract
Background
Child poverty is a critical issue in Japan. While public assistance (seikatsu-hogo) alleviates financial barriers to healthcare, the multidimensional nature of poverty, including social and environmental factors, may still affect children’s health. Although previous research has explored health disparities among adults receiving public assistance, little is known about the current conditions and healthcare needs of child recipients. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of children on public assistance and identify the incidence and predictors of hospitalization among them.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included children receiving public assistance in six Japanese municipalities. We extracted data on children’s age, sex, household composition, siblings, guardians’ employment status, timing of public assistance receipt, nationality, and disability certificates as of April 2016 and observed them for 1 year. The primary outcome was all-cause hospitalization. Poisson regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of hospitalization.
Results
We analyzed data from 1990 children receiving public assistance. Overall, 4.6% were hospitalized during the observation period, with higher rates in younger children and those with disabilities. Hospitalization incidence was varied across households conditions and residing municipalities.
Conclusions
Children on public assistance in Japan may face higher hospitalization risks, and the differences were observed across household conditions and residential areas. Further research using more detailed data should explore child poverty and health, including both recipients and non-recipients of public assistance.
