2025-12-03 ペンシルベニア州立大学(Penn State)
<関連情報>
- https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/new-test-distinguishes-vaccine-induced-false-positives-active-hiv-infection
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz5639
HIVワクチン試験参加者における活動性HIV-1感染とワクチン誘発性血清陽性の区別 Distinguishing active HIV-1 infection from vaccine-induced seropositivity in HIV vaccine trial participants
Ketan Dighe, Oguzhan Colak, Parikshit Moitra, Maha Alafeef, […] , and Dipanjan Pan
Science Advances Published:3 Dec 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz5639
Abstract
Vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) causes antibodies produced by HIV-1 vaccines to react with standard serological tests, complicating diagnosis and leading to false positives. To distinguish VISP from true HIV infections, we developed a rapid, multiplexed companion electrochemical assay that integrates a three-dimensional–printed device with screen-printed electrodes coated with antigen, antibody, and methylene blue–labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes. The test delivers quantitative results within 5 minutes with calculated analytical limits of detection of 5.88 picograms per milliliter for p24 antigen, 10.96 picograms per milliliter for anti-p24 antibody, and 1259 copies per milliliter for HIV-1 RNA, with minimal cross-reactivity. Clinical testing with 104 plasma samples obtained from vaccinated/unvaccinated, HIV-positive/negative individuals demonstrated 95% sensitivity and 98% specificity in distinguishing active HIV-1 infection from VISP cases. Receiver operating characteristic analysis produced area under the curve values of 0.9888 for HIV-1 RNA, 0.9705 for anti-p24 antibody, and 0.9356 for p24 antigen. These findings highlight the potential to reduce false-positive results caused by VISP by integrating this diagnostic test in clinical trials and large-scale vaccination programs.
