2022-03-28 ジョージア工科大学
・ジョージア工科大学の研究グループは、この複雑で多層な問題に取り組んでおり、その最新の研究成果を『Cancer Research』誌に発表しています。この研究成果は、癌の健康格差に遺伝的要因と環境的要因を結びつける可能性を示すものであり、自然と育成の境界をあいまいにするものです。
・ゲノムの特性である遺伝的祖先とは、共通の祖先に基づくゲノムの類似性を指し、「人種や民族といった社会的次元とは無関係に」客観的かつ正確に定義することができる、とジョーダンはいう。そして、「がんの生存格差の背後にあるメカニズムは、祖先の違いではなく、遺伝子発現に対する環境の影響と大いに関係があることが判明した」。
<関連情報>
- https://research.gatech.edu/georgia-tech-researchers-tackle-cancer-health-disparities
- https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/doi/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-2105/675684/Association-of-genetic-ancestry-and-molecular
遺伝的祖先および分子シグネチャーとがん生存格差との関連性:汎がん分析 Association of genetic ancestry and molecular signatures with cancer survival disparities: a pan-cancer analysis
Kara K. Lee;Lavanya Rishishwar;Dongjo Ban;Shashwat D. Nagar;Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez;John F. McDonald;I. King Jordan
Cancer Research Published: JANUARY 21 2022
https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-2105
Abstract
While overall cancer mortality has steadily decreased in recent decades, cancer health disparities among racial and ethnic population groups persist. Here we studied the relationship between cancer survivaldisparities (CSD), genetic ancestry (GA), and tumor molecular signatures across 33 cancers in a cohort of 9,818 patients. GA correlated with race and ethnicity but showed observable differences in effects on CSD, with significant associations identified in four cancer types: breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and skin cutaneous carcinoma (SKCM). Differential gene expression and methylation between ancestry groups associated cancer-related genes with CSD, of which seven protein-coding genes (PAQR6, LIME1, SAP25, MXD3, CCER2, RFLNA, and CTSW) significantly interacted with GA and exacerbated observed survival disparities. These findings indicated that regulatory changes mediated by epigenetic mechanisms have a greater contribution to CSD than population-specific mutations. Overall, we uncovered various molecular mechanisms through which GA might impact CSD, revealing potential population-specific therapeutic targets for groups disproportionately burdened by cancer.
