吃音予期が脳内の特異な活動を促すことを発見(Study finds stuttering anticipation prompts unique activity in the brain)

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認知制御に重要な役割を果たす脳の一部で、吃音予期時に活動が上昇することを明らかにした Researchers reveal elevated activity during stuttering anticipation in a part of the brain that plays key role in cognitive control

2022-06-01 ニューヨーク大学 (NYU)

吃音予期が脳内の特異な活動を促すことを発見(Study finds stuttering anticipation prompts unique activity in the brain)
Figure showing the location of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as event-related average activation plots for the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin signals.

脳の右背外側前頭前皮質(R-DLPFC)は、意思決定、記憶処理、タスクプランニングなどの認知制御に重要な役割を担っています。新しい研究では、吃音者が吃音予期(これから話す言葉が吃音になるという感覚)にどのように反応するかに認知制御が関係していることが示唆され、吃音に対する脳の処理と反応について新しい知見が得られています。
研究者らは、参加者が吃音を予期すると、R-DLPFCの活性化が増加することを発見した(血流の変化によって示された)。さらに、吃音を予測すると、R-DLPFCと認知制御ネットワークに含まれるもう一つの部位である右上荻野回(R-SMG)の間の結合が減少することもわかった。

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吃音予期を支える右側背外側前頭前野の活性化 Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation

Eric S. Jackson,Swethasri Dravida,Xian Zhang,J. Adam Noah,Vincent Gracco,Joy Hirsch
Neurobiology of Language.Published:May 24 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00073

Abstract

People who stutter learn to anticipate many of their overt stuttering events. Despite the critical role of anticipation, particularly how responses to anticipation shape stuttering behaviors, the neural bases associated with anticipation are unknown. We used a novel approach to identify anticipated and unanticipated words in 22 adult stutterers, which were produced in a delayed-response task while hemodynamic activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-two control participants were included such that each individualized set of anticipated/unanticipated words was produced by one stutterer and one control. We conducted an analysis on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) based on converging lines of evidence from the stuttering and cognitive control literatures. We also assessed connectivity between the R-DLPFC and right supramarginal gyrus (R-SMG), two key nodes of the frontoparietal network (FPN), to assess the role of cognitive control, particularly error-likelihood monitoring, in stuttering anticipation. All analyses focused on the five-second anticipation phase preceding the go signal to produce speech. Results indicate that anticipated words are associated with elevated activation in the R-DLPFC, and that compared to non-stutterers, stutterers exhibit greater activity in the R-DLPFC, irrespective of anticipation. Further, anticipated words are associated with reduced connectivity between the R-DLPFC and R-SMG. These findings highlight the potential roles of the R-DLPFC and the greater FPN as a neural substrate of stuttering anticipation. The results also support previous accounts of error-likelihood monitoring and action-stopping in stuttering anticipation. Overall, this work offers numerous directions for future research with clinical implications for targeted neuromodulation.

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