2023-05-10 マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)
◆この検査により、SARS-CoV-2などのウイルスに対する中和抗体を持っているかどうかを判定し、将来の感染から身を守ることができる可能性があります。
◆この技術は、患者がワクチンで守られているかどうかを調べたり、現在のワクチンがSARS-CoV-2の新種に対してどの程度保護できるかを調べるために使用することができる。
◆研究者らは、この技術を発展させて、個々の患者の抗体プロファイルを調べるために、医師の診察室で迅速な検査を行うことを望んでいます。
<関連情報>
- https://news.mit.edu/2023/chemists-technique-neutralizing-antibodies-0510
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.2c01471
レクチンフィンガープリントでSARS-CoV-2の抗体中和を見分ける Lectin Fingerprinting Distinguishes Antibody Neutralization in SARS-CoV-2
Michael G. Wuo, Amanda E. Dugan, Melanie Halim, Blake M. Hauser, Jared Feldman, Timothy M. Caradonna, Shuting Zhang, Lauren E. Pepi, Caroline Atyeo, Stephanie Fischinger, Galit Alter, Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Parastoo Azadi, Deb Hung, Aaron G. Schmidt, and Laura L. Kiessling
ACS Central Science Published:May 10, 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.2c01471
Abstract
Enveloped viruses co-opt host glycosylation pathways to decorate their surface proteins. As viruses evolve, emerging strains can modify their glycosylation patterns to influence host interactions and subvert immune recognition. Still, changes in viral glycosylation or their impact on antibody protection cannot be predicted from genomic sequences alone. Using the highly glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein as a model system, we present a lectin fingerprinting method that rapidly reports on changes in variant glycosylation state, which are linked to antibody neutralization. In the presence of antibodies or convalescent and vaccinated patient sera, unique lectin fingerprints emerge that distinguish neutralizing versus non-neutralizing antibodies. This information could not be inferred from direct binding interactions between antibodies and the Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding data alone. Comparative glycoproteomics of the Spike RBD of wild-type (Wuhan-Hu-1) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants reveal O-glycosylation differences as a key determinant of immune recognition differences. These data underscore the interplay between viral glycosylation and immune recognition and reveal lectin fingerprinting to be a rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput assay to distinguish the neutralization potential of antibodies that target critical viral glycoproteins.
