哺乳類における発声学習の根底に類似の遺伝的要素があることが判明(Similar Genetic Elements Underlie Vocal Learning in Mammals)

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2024-02-29 カーネギーメロン大学

哺乳類における発声学習の根底に類似の遺伝的要素があることが判明(Similar Genetic Elements Underlie Vocal Learning in Mammals)
The vocalizations of humans, bats, whales, seals and songbirds vastly differ from each other. But CMU and UC Berkeley researchers have found parts of the genome that have evolved and are associated with vocal learning across mammals.

多くの動物が異なる方法で発声するが、それらの動物が「話す」方法を学ぶ過程で脳のつながりに類似性があることがわかってきた。カーネギーメロン大学とカリフォルニア大学バークレー校の科学者らは、哺乳類全体で発声に関連する遺伝子と遺伝子制御要素を同定した。これにより、進化のメカニズムが明らかになり、自閉症スペクトラム障害などの健康問題にも影響がある可能性が示唆された。

<関連情報>

哺乳類のタンパク質と制御エレメントにおける音声学習に関連した収斂進化 Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements

MORGAN E. WIRTHLIN , TOBIAS A. SCHMID , JULIE E. ELIE , XIAOMENG ZHANG , […], AND ANDREAS R. PFENNING
Science  Published:29 Feb 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abn3263

Abstract

Vocal production learning is a convergently evolved trait in vertebrates. To identify brain genomic elements associated with mammalian vocal learning, we integrated genomic, anatomical and neurophysiological data from the Egyptian fruit-bat with analyses of the genomes of 215 placental mammals. First, we identified a set of proteins evolving more slowly in vocal learners. Then, we discovered a vocal-motor cortical region in the Egyptian fruit-bat, an emergent vocal learner, and leveraged that knowledge to identify active cis-regulatory elements in the motor cortex of vocal learners. Machine learning methods applied to motor cortex open chromatin revealed 50 enhancers robustly associated with vocal learning whose activity tended to be lower in vocal learners. Our research implicates convergent losses of motor cortex regulatory elements in mammalian vocal learning evolution.

生物工学一般
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