睡眠が長期的な健康に与える影響を明らかに(Researchers identify distinct sleep types and their impact on long-term health)

2024-03-12

2024-03-11 ペンシルベニア州立大学(PennState)

◆数十年にわたる研究によれば、睡眠の悪い習慣は長期的な慢性健康状態と強く関連しています。ペンシルバニア州立大学の研究者らは、ほとんどの人々の睡眠を特徴づける4つの異なるパターンを特定し、これらのパターンが長期的な健康と相関していることを明らかにしました。
◆睡眠パターンには「良い眠りの人」「週末に睡眠を取り戻す人」「不眠症の人」「昼寝をする人」が含まれます。研究によると、半数以上の参加者が不眠症または昼寝者であり、これらのパターンは慢性健康状態と関連しています。睡眠パターンは10年間ほとんど変化せず、特に不眠症や昼寝者の場合に顕著です。結果は、一般的な睡眠健康に対する認識を高める必要性を示唆しています。

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不眠症睡眠者表現型の10年間の安定性と慢性疾患との関連性 10-year Stability of an Insomnia Sleeper Phenotype and Its Association with Chronic Conditions

Lee, Soomi PhD; Smith, Claire E. PhD; Wallace, Meredith L. PhD; Buxton, Orfeu M. PhD; Almeida, David M. PhD; Patel, Sanjay R. MD, MS; Andel, Ross PhD
Psychosomatic Medicine Published:February 16, 2024
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001288

Abstract

Objective
To identify distinct sleep health phenotypes in adults, examine transitions in sleep health phenotypes over time and subsequently relate these to the risk of chronic conditions.

Methods
A national sample of adults from the Midlife in the United States study (N = 3,683) provided longitudinal data with two timepoints (T1:2004-2006, T2:2013-2017). Participants self-reported on sleep health (regularity, satisfaction, alertness, efficiency, duration) and the number and type of chronic conditions. Covariates included age, sex, race, education, education, partnered status, number of children, work status, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity.

Results
Latent transition analysis identified four sleep health phenotypes across both timepoints: good sleepers, insomnia sleepers, weekend catch-up sleepers, and nappers. Between T1 to T2, the majority (77%) maintained their phenotype, with the nappers and insomnia sleepers being the most stable. In fully adjusted models with good sleepers at both timepoints as the reference, being an insomnia sleeper at either timepoint was related to having an increased number of total chronic conditions by 28-81% at T2, adjusting for T1 conditions. Insomnia sleepers at both timepoints were at 72-188% higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and frailty. Being a napper at any timepoint related to increased risks for diabetes, cancer, and frailty. Being a weekend catch-up sleeper was not associated with chronic conditions. Those with lower education and unemployed were more likely to be insomnia sleepers; older adults and retirees were more likely to be nappers.