双子を対象とした研究で胎内での免疫防御に関する新たな知見が得られる(Study on twins provides new insights into immune defence in the womb)

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2024-04-08 カロリンスカ研究所(KI)

◆カロリンスカ研究所医学部のNiklas Björkström氏率いる研究グループが、子宮内の免疫システムの働きについて新しい知見を提供する研究を行いました。この知見は、妊娠高血圧症などの妊娠合併症がどのように発生するかをよりよく理解するのに役立ちます。
◆双子の同一血液サンプルと生理期の血液サンプルを比較したこの研究では、子宮内の免疫システムは周辺血液に比べて変動が大きく、遺伝子による制御が少ないこと、環境因子の影響を受けやすいことが示されました。
◆これにより、子宮内の免疫システムの構成と調節に関する新しい情報が提供され、妊娠高血圧症などの妊娠合併症の理解を深める基盤が構築されました。

<関連情報>

組織特異的な非遺伝性の影響が子宮内膜免疫系の変異を促進する Tissue-specific nonheritable influences drive endometrial immune system variation

JONNA BISTER , IVA FILIPOVIC , DAN SUN , YLVA CRONA-GUTERSTAM , […], AND NIKLAS K. BJÖRKSTRÖM
Science Immunology  Published:5 Apr 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.adj7168

双子を対象とした研究で胎内での免疫防御に関する新たな知見が得られる(Study on twins provides new insights into immune defence in the womb)

Editor’s summary

Baseline differences in the immune system between individuals are driven by both heritable and nonheritable, environmental factors. By analyzing endometrial and peripheral blood immune cells collected from monozygotic twins, Bister et al. measured the tissue-specific contributions of nonheritable effects on immune system variation. Although peripheral blood immune cells were largely shaped by genetics, environmental factors including hormonal contraception contributed more strongly to the variation in endometrial immune cells and soluble proteome. Together, these findings demonstrate that the human immune system can be highly variable and driven by nonheritable factors in a tissue-specific manner. —Claire Olingy

Abstract

Although human twin studies have revealed the combined contribution of heritable and environmental factors in shaping immune system variability in blood, the contribution of these factors to immune system variability in tissues remains unexplored. The human uterus undergoes constant regeneration and is exposed to distinct environmental factors. To assess uterine immune system variation, we performed a system-level analysis of endometrial and peripheral blood immune cells in monozygotic twins. Although most immune cell phenotypes in peripheral blood showed high genetic heritability, more variation was found in endometrial immune cells, indicating a stronger influence by environmental factors. Cytomegalovirus infection was identified to influence peripheral blood immune cell variability but had limited effect on endometrial immune cells. Instead, hormonal contraception shaped the local endometrial milieu and immune cell composition with minor influence on the systemic immune system. These results highlight that the magnitude of human immune system variation and factors influencing it can be tissue specific.

医療・健康
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