Covidワクチン3回目の投与により、臨床的に極めて脆弱な一部の患者の防御が改善される(Third Covid vaccine dose improves defence for some clinically extremely vulnerable patients)

ad

2024-05-08 バーミンガム大学

バーミンガム大学とグラスゴー大学が共同で実施したOCTAVE DUO研究試験による新たな研究で、免疫抑制または免疫不全の患者においてワクチンの追加接種が抗体応答を改善することが判明しました。この試験は英国政府とBlood Cancer UKの共同資金で行われ、11の病院で804人の患者が参加しました。3回目のワクチン接種後、低い免疫反応を示した患者の90%が顕著な抗体レベルを発達させましたが、初回のワクチンで反応しなかった54%の患者は依然として抗体増加を見せませんでした。特にリンパ性疾患や慢性腎疾患を持つ患者が最も抗体増加が少なかったです。

<関連情報>

2回接種後の免疫が不十分な免疫不全患者におけるCOVID-19ワクチン3回目接種戦略の免疫原性(OCTAVE-DUO):非盲検、多施設、無作為化、対照、第3相試験 Immunogenicity of third dose COVID-19 vaccine strategies in patients who are immunocompromised with suboptimal immunity following two doses (OCTAVE-DUO): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial

Prof Carl S Goodyear, PhD ;Amit Patel, MSc ;Prof Eleanor Barnes, PhD ;Prof Michelle Willicombe, MD;Prof Stefan Siebert, PhD;Thushan I de Silva, PhD;et al.
The Lancet Rheumatology  Published:May 08, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(24)00065-1

Covidワクチン3回目の投与により、臨床的に極めて脆弱な一部の患者の防御が改善される(Third Covid vaccine dose improves defence for some clinically extremely vulnerable patients)

Summary

Background
The humoral and T-cell responses to booster COVID-19 vaccine types in multidisease immunocompromised individuals who do not generate adequate antibody responses to two COVID-19 vaccine doses, is not fully understood. The OCTAVE DUO trial aimed to determine the value of third vaccinations in a wide range of patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.

Methods
OCTAVE-DUO was a prospective, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial investigating humoral and T-cell responses in patients who are immunocompromised following a third vaccine dose with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, and of NVX-CoV2373 for those with lymphoid malignancies. We recruited patients who were immunocompromised from 11 UK hospitals, aged at least 18 years, with previous sub-optimal responses to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 (1:1:1 for those with lymphoid malignancies), stratified by disease, previous vaccination type, and anti-spike antibody response following two doses. Individuals with lived experience of immune susceptibility were involved in the study design and implementation. The primary outcome was vaccine-specific immunity defined by anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (Roche Diagnostics UK and Ireland, Burgess Hill, UK) and T-cell responses (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK) before and 21 days after the third vaccine dose analysed by a modified intention-to-treat analysis. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN 15354495, and the EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT 2021-003632-87, and is complete.

Findings
Between Aug 4, 2021 and Mar 31, 2022, 804 participants across nine disease cohorts were randomly assigned to receive BNT162b2 (n=377), mRNA-1273 (n=374), or NVX-CoV2373 (n=53). 356 (45%) of 789 participants were women, 433 (55%) were men, and 659 (85%) of 775 were White. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies measured 21 days after the third vaccine dose were significantly higher than baseline pre-third dose titres in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (median 1384 arbitrary units [AU]/mL [IQR 4·3–7990·0] compared with median 11·5 AU/mL [0·4–63·1]; p<0·001). Of participants who were baseline low responders, 380 (90%) of 423 increased their antibody concentrations to more than 400 AU/mL. Conversely, 166 (54%) of 308 baseline non-responders had no response after the third dose. Detectable T-cell responses following the third vaccine dose were seen in 494 (80%) of 616 participants. There were 24 serious adverse events (BNT612b2 eight [33%] of 24, mRNA-1273 12 [50%], NVX-CoV2373 four [17%]), two (8%) of which were categorised as vaccine-related. There were seven deaths (1%) during the trial, none of which were vaccine-related.

Interpretation
A third vaccine dose improved the serological and T-cell response in the majority of patients who are immunocompromised. Individuals with chronic renal disease, lymphoid malignancy, on B-cell targeted therapies, or with no serological response after two vaccine doses are at higher risk of poor response to a third vaccine dose.

Funding
Medical Research Council, Blood Cancer UK.

医療・健康
ad
ad
Follow
ad
タイトルとURLをコピーしました