希少遺伝性疾患の追跡(Tracking down rare hereditary diseases)

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2024-05-22 マックス・プランク研究所

FLVCR1とFLVCR2タンパク質の機能不全が、運動、感覚、神経障害を引き起こす稀な遺伝性疾患を招くことが知られていますが、その生化学的メカニズムは不明でした。フランクフルト、シンガポール、米国の研究チームは、これらのタンパク質の3D構造と細胞機能を解明しました。FLVCR1とFLVCR2は、コリンとエタノールアミンを輸送し、これらの分子が細胞の成長や再生、安定性を支えることを発見しました。この知見は、稀な疾患の病因理解と新たな治療法の開発に大きく貢献します。

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ヒトにおけるコリンとエタノールアミン輸送の分子機構を解明 Molecular mechanism of choline and ethanolamine transport in humans

Keiken Ri,Tsai-Hsuan Weng,Ainara Claveras Cabezudo,Wiebke Jösting,Yu Zhang,Andre Bazzone,Nancy C. P. Leong,Sonja Welsch,Raymond T. Doty,Gonca Gursu,Tiffany Jia Ying Lim,Sarah Luise Schmidt,Janis L. Abkowitz,Gerhard Hummer,Di Wu,Long N. Nguyen & Schara Safarian
Nature  Published:22 May 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07444-7

希少遺伝性疾患の追跡(Tracking down rare hereditary diseases)

Abstract

Human feline leukaemia virus subgroup C receptor-related proteins 1 and 2 (FLVCR1 and FLVCR2) are members of the major facilitator superfamily1. Their dysfunction is linked to several clinical disorders, including PCARP, HSAN and Fowler syndrome2,3,4,5,6,7. Earlier studies concluded that FLVCR1 may function as a haem exporter8,9,10,11,12, whereas FLVCR2 was suggested to act as a haem importer13, yet conclusive biochemical and detailed molecular evidence remained elusive for the function of both transporters14,15,16. Here, we show that FLVCR1 and FLVCR2 facilitate the transport of choline and ethanolamine across the plasma membrane, using a concentration-driven substrate translocation process. Through structural and computational analyses, we have identified distinct conformational states of FLVCRs and unravelled the coordination chemistry underlying their substrate interactions. Fully conserved tryptophan and tyrosine residues form the binding pocket of both transporters and confer selectivity for choline and ethanolamine through cation–π interactions. Our findings clarify the mechanisms of choline and ethanolamine transport by FLVCR1 and FLVCR2, enhance our comprehension of disease-associated mutations that interfere with these vital processes and shed light on the conformational dynamics of these major facilitator superfamily proteins during the transport cycle.

生物工学一般
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