植物の洪水適応における異形葉形成の役割を解明(Researchers Highlight Heterophylly as Distinct Strategy for Plant Flood Adaptation)

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2025-04-27 中国科学院(CAS)

植物の洪水適応における異形葉形成の役割を解明(Researchers Highlight Heterophylly as Distinct Strategy for Plant Flood Adaptation)The morphology of four typical heterophyllous plants (Image by IHB)

中国科学院水生生物研究所の研究チームは、水生植物が洪水環境に適応するための3つの戦略を明らかにし、その中で「異形葉性(heterophylly)」を独立した適応戦略として強調しました。従来知られていた「低酸素静止戦略(LOQS)」と「低酸素逃避戦略(LOES)」に加え、異形葉性は水位の変化に応じて水中葉と陸上葉を切り替える柔軟な「変化」戦略とされます。イネやクレソンをモデルに用い、これら戦略の分子メカニズムや光合成の可塑性、発生の柔軟性について詳細に解析されました。この成果は、水没耐性作物の改良や農業生産への応用が期待される知見です。

<関連情報>

植物が水ストレスに適応する秘密を解明する Uncovering the Secrets of How Plants Adapt to Water Stress

Gaojie Li, Na Wei, Hongwei Hou
Plant, Cell & Environment  Published: 21 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15571

ABSTRACT

The frequency of flooding and other naturally occurring stresses caused by global climate change is increasing rapidly worldwide. Recent research has uncovered the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying water stress adaptation in model plants. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding water adaptation, not only in model terrestrial plants but also in amphibious and aquatic plants. Plants respond to flooding stress through various adaptive strategies, including (1) the low-oxygen quiescence strategy (LOQS), which conserves energy by pausing metabolism and growth during flooding, and (2) the low-oxygen escape strategy (LOES), where plants elongate organs rapidly to reach the water surface and access more oxygen. In amphibious plants, heterophylly enables the production of dramatically different leaf forms to adapt to terrestrial versus submerged environments, representing a third strategy– the “variation” strategy for water stress adaptation. Unlike terrestrial crops, which must “wait” or “escape” during flooding, amphibious plants can naturally thrive in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In addition to heterophylly, other mechanisms of water stress adaptation in amphibious and aquatic plants are also discussed. Understanding these mechanisms can advance our knowledge for developing future flood-resilient crops, which are essential for sustainable agriculture under changing climates.

生物環境工学
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