エクソソームとオートファジーの複雑な対話に関する最新レビュー(Cutting-edge Review Explores Complex Dialogue Between Exosomes and Autophagy)

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2025-05-13 中国科学院(CAS)

中国科学院亜熱帯農業研究所の殷玉龍院士らによる最新の総説は、細胞間コミュニケーションにおけるエクソソームとオートファジーの相互作用に新たな視点を提供している。細胞内では、多胞体(MVB)とオートファゴソームの動態がオートファジー関連タンパク質とともにバランスを決定し、特に選択的オートファジーによる影響が注目される。一方、細胞間ではエクソソームがmiRNAやタンパク質を介して受容細胞のオートファジーシグナルを調節するが、その逆の影響は未解明であり、さらなる研究が必要とされる。筋肉と脂肪組織の相互作用や栄養素の影響についての洞察は、豚肉の品質向上を目指す畜産分野にも貢献が期待される。

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エクソソームとオートファジーの細胞内・細胞間クロストーク Intracellular and intercellular crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy

Qilong Li,, Sisi Chen,, Yunju Yin, Mengmeng Han, Hanjing Shi, Yu Gong, Xinyue Duan,, Yonglang Wang,, Qiuping Guo, Yehui Duan, Yulong Yin,, Fengna Li
The Innovation Life  Published:25 April 2025
DOI:https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2025.100132

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

エクソソームとオートファジーの複雑な対話に関する最新レビュー(Cutting-edge Review Explores Complex Dialogue Between Exosomes and Autophagy)

PUBLIC SUMMARY

  • The homeostatic role between exosomes and autophagy depends on the intracellular and intercellular crosstalk.
  • Their intracellular connections intersect through shared molecular machinery or organelle.
  • Exosomal miRNAs and proteins activate or inhibit autophagy-related signals to mediate intercellular crosstalk.

The intracellular and intercellular information exchange is the key to regulate the body function. Current studies have indicated the intracellular and intercellular crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy as two components of the eukaryotic endomembrane system. Exosomes are bilayer lipid membrane vesicles to participate in intercellular communication. Autophagy is to form autophagosome, then fuse with lysosome to degrade contents encapsulating cytoplasmic components. Exosomes and autophagy not only intersect through common molecular mechanism or organelle within cells, but also could activate intracellular autophagy-related signaling pathways to demonstrate the therapeutic potentiality of various diseases via exosomal miRNAs and proteins. The intracellular and intercellular crosstalk of them serves a homeostatic role in mitigating stress. What has become clear is that the steady state of this interaction is of great significance in physiology and pathology. If we could better understand the crosstalk from more perspectives, such as the function of exosomal lipids in regulating autophagy, the use of invertebrates as research models and the relationship between exosomes and selective autophagy of organelle-level, this represents an opportunity for treatment, especially the application of engineered exosomes.

生物工学一般
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