2023-08-03 アリゾナ大学
◆アリゾナ大学の研究者は、干ばつストレスに応じて土壌の微生物が大気中に揮発性有機化合物を放出することを発見しました。B2 WALDプロジェクトの一環として、90人以上の研究者がバイオスフィア2で制御された干ばつ実験を行い、水が不足した場合の世界の生態系の変化を理解しようとしています。
◆土壌の微生物が環境ストレスにどのように反応するかを知ることで、高温と長期的な干ばつに適応する生態系を予測・支援するのに役立ちます。この研究は、揮発性有機化合物の放出が土壌-大気ダイナミクスにどのように影響するかについての重要な手がかりを提供しています。
<関連情報>
- https://news.arizona.edu/story/soils-drought-stress-leak-more-volatile-organic-compounds-atmosphere
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-023-01432-9
干ばつは、人工熱帯雨林における揮発性代謝産物の放出に向けて、土壌微生物の炭素代謝を再構築する。 Drought re-routes soil microbial carbon metabolism towards emission of volatile metabolites in an artificial tropical rainforest
Linnea K. Honeker,Giovanni Pugliese,Johannes Ingrisch,Jane Fudyma,Juliana Gil-Loaiza,Elizabeth Carpenter,Esther Singer,Gina Hildebrand,Lingling Shi,David W. Hoyt,Rosalie K. Chu,Jason Toyoda,Jordan E. Krechmer,Megan S. Claflin,Christian Ayala-Ortiz,Viviana Freire-Zapata,Eva Y. Pfannerstill,L. Erik Daber,Kathiravan Meeran,Michaela A. Dippold,Jürgen Kreuzwieser,Jonathan Williams,S. Nemiah Ladd,Christiane Werner,Malak M. Tfaily & Laura K. Meredith
Nature Microbiology Published:31 July 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-023-01432-9
Abstract
Drought impacts on microbial activity can alter soil carbon fate and lead to the loss of stored carbon to the atmosphere as CO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we examined drought impacts on carbon allocation by soil microbes in the Biosphere 2 artificial tropical rainforest by tracking 13C from position-specific 13C-pyruvate into CO2 and VOCs in parallel with multi-omics. During drought, efflux of 13C-enriched acetate, acetone and C4H6O2 (diacetyl) increased. These changes represent increased production and buildup of intermediate metabolites driven by decreased carbon cycling efficiency. Simultaneously,13C-CO2 efflux decreased, driven by a decrease in microbial activity. However, the microbial carbon allocation to energy gain relative to biosynthesis was unchanged, signifying maintained energy demand for biosynthesis of VOCs and other drought-stress-induced pathways. Overall, while carbon loss to the atmosphere via CO2 decreased during drought, carbon loss via efflux of VOCs increased, indicating microbially induced shifts in soil carbon fate.
