菌類における進化の「転換点」を発見(Researchers Discover Evolutionary “Tipping Point” in Fungi)

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2024-03-25 ニューヨーク大学 (NYU)

新たな研究によれば、菌類の進化には「転換点」があり、その成長を抑制し形を作り上げます。この研究は、環境要因のわずかな変化が進化の結果に大きな影響を与えることを示しています。菌類は自然の大きな堆肥ですが、その形成には特定の形が求められることが明らかにされました。この形の制約は、「最も適応的なものが生き残る」という進化の原則に関連しています。研究者たちは、この結果が生態学や進化学のさまざまなシステムに重要な影響を与える可能性があると考えています。

<関連情報>

先端成長細胞の形態学的多様性を支配するフィットネス・ランドスケープの不安定性 A fitness landscape instability governs the morphological diversity of tip-growing cells

Maxim E. Ohairwe,Branka D. Živanović,Enrique R. Rojas
Cell Reports  Published:March 25, 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113961

Highlights

•Diverse tip-growing cells grow by inflating themselves with turgor pressure

•There is an intrinsic mechanical instability in the mechanism of inflationary growth

•The instability leads to a bifurcation of the fitness landscape of tip growth

•The bifurcation strictly constrains observable cell shapes from across nature

Summary

Cellular morphology affects many aspects of cellular and organismal physiology. This makes it challenging to dissect the evolutionary basis for specific morphologies since various cellular functions may exert competing selective pressures on this trait, and the influence of these pressures will depend on the specific mechanisms of morphogenesis. In this light, we combined experiment and theory to investigate the complex basis for morphological diversity among tip-growing cells from across the tree of life. We discovered that an instability in the widespread mechanism of “inflationary” tip growth leads directly to a bifurcation in the common fitness landscape of tip-growing cells, which imposes a strict global constraint on their morphologies. This result rationalizes the morphology of an enormous diversity of important fungal, plant, protistan, and bacterial systems. More broadly, our study elucidates the principle that strong evolutionary constraints on complex traits, like biological form, may emerge from emergent instabilities within developmental systems.

Graphical abstract

菌類における進化の「転換点」を発見(Researchers Discover Evolutionary “Tipping Point” in Fungi)

 

生物化学工学
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