標的がん治療の画像化技術を高精度化(Targeted Cancer Therapy Gets a Sharper Focus)

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2026-10-01 ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所(LBNL)

ローレンス・バークレー国立研究所(Berkeley Lab)などの研究チームは、アクチニウム225(Ac-225)を用いる標的α線治療(TAT)を高精度に画像化する新手法「TOF-CGI」を開発した。TATは、がん細胞を狙う分子にα線放出核種を結合させ、近傍の正常組織への影響を抑えながらがん細胞を破壊する治療法である。しかしAc-225は従来のSPECTやPETでは十分な感度・分解能で画像化することが難しかった。TOF-CGIは、Ac-225の崩壊生成物が放出するγ線のペアを利用し、飛行時間情報から崩壊位置を特定して3次元画像を再構成するアルゴリズムである。PET装置とGPU計算を組み合わせ、前立腺がん患者で初のヒト画像化を実施したところ、SPECTより多くのAc-225崩壊を検出し、より明瞭な画像が得られた。今後は他の核種や全身PETへの展開が検討されている。

標的がん治療の画像化技術を高精度化(Targeted Cancer Therapy Gets a Sharper Focus)
Patient images of actinium-225 PSMA-617, an experimental radioisotope, from TOF-CGI computed tomography without signal correction (at left) and SPECT with and without signal correction (at right). (Credit: Caravaca et al., Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2026)

<関連情報>

飛行時間カスケードγ線イメージングによるPETスキャナーでの225Acの臨床画像診断 Clinical Imaging of 225Ac in a PET Scanner via Time-of-Flight Cascade γ-Ray Imaging

Javier Caravaca, Youngho Seo, Jorge Cabello, Stefan B. Siegel, Robert R. Flavell and Thomas A. Hope
Journal of Nuclear Medicine  Published:September 30, 2026.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.126.272594

Abstract

Clinical imaging of the α-therapy radionuclide 225Ac and its progeny has proven challenging with SPECT because of low detection efficiency and a poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We propose an alternative nuclear imaging modality that enables imaging of 225Ac in PET scanners: time-of-flight cascade γ-ray imaging (TOF-CGI). Methods: We leveraged the time and position information of the γ-rays emitted in a fast cascade during the decay of 225Ac daughter 209Tl to produce 3-dimensional images of the spatial distribution of the emissions. We characterized this imaging modality with vials, evaluated it with clinical-size phantoms, and performed a pilot imaging experiment with a patient with prostate cancer injected with [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. Results: Imaging of vials confirmed good activity quantification linearity, minimum detectable activity of 5.5 kBq for a 20-min scan, and a spatial resolution of approximately 20 mm full width at half maximum transversally and 42 mm full width at half maximum axially. A phantom filled with a concentration of 44 kBq/mL revealed a higher SNR than did SPECT with a 10-fold-shorter scan time. The TOF-CGI sensitivity with the phantom was 26.0 cps/MBq, and the detection efficiency was an order of magnitude higher with TOF-CGI than with SPECT. TOF-CGI of the patient demonstrated activity within a known tumor in the prostate bed and higher SNR than that of SPECT. Conclusion: We demonstrated the feasibility of 225Ac tomography in a PET scanner via TOF-CGI, opening a window for application in other targeted radionuclide therapies. This technique enables imaging of nonpositron emitters in PET scanners and establishes an imaging paradigm complementary to SPECT. Implementation of image corrections and usage of long–axial-field-of-view PET scanners may further improve its sensitivity, resolution, and SNR.

医療・健康
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